Collaborative Research: Representation and the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity

合作研究：性别、种族和民族的代表性和交叉点

• 批准号: 0618272
• 负责人: Kathleen Bratton
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0618272&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Representation; Intersections; Gender

This collaborative research breaks new ground in the study of the political representation by bringing together and integrating perspectives on race, ethnicity, and gender. The past few decades have witnessed tremendous changes in the politics of race, ethnicity, and gender in the U.S., not the least of which is the simultaneous growth in the numbers of women and of racial and ethnic minorities in public office. This study examines the complex and conditional processes by which these female and/or minority lawmakers succeed or fail to enhance the substantive policy interests of women, women of color, and racial/ethnic minorities. It explores not only the ways in which the representation of race, the representation of ethnicity, and the representation of gender are both similar and different; but also the ways in which efforts to represent the policy interests of women and of various racial and ethnic minorities are linked. Thus, the primary questions motivating this research are: how might the representation of women and of racial and ethnic minorities be linked and how might those linkages be affected by the political and institutional contexts in which they do or do not take place?To address these questions, this study takes a very close and extensive look at the policymaking activities of state legislators male and female, of all races and ethnicities, across multiple states, and over multiple decades. First, it examines the legislation proposed and sponsored by Black female and Latina state legislators (in comparison to their colleagues proposals) to shed light on how lawmakers who may identify with multiple groups, and see themselves as representing multiple group interests, participate in the agenda-setting stages of the policy making process. Next, it explores the formation of legislative coalitions across gender, racial, and ethnic lines by examining and explaining patterns in the co-sponsorship of bills. Finally, this study investigates how state policy outcomes are affected by the presence and activities of women and minority legislators. Of special concern is whether the fates of gender and race-related policies are linked by the efforts of women of color or by coalitions of women and/or racial-ethnic minorities within these lawmaking bodies.To conduct this research on representation and the politics of race, ethnicity, and gender in the American states, the Principal Investigators created three inter-related databases: one on individual state legislators and their districts, one on bills introduced by those legislators, and one on the political, socioeconomic, and institutional characteristics of each state and state legislature. To construct these databases, information was gathered from 25 states, at four-year intervals starting with 1981 and continuing up to 2005. Collectively, these states are representative of all fifty states on several important dimensions including: proportions of women, African Americans, and Latinos in the state legislature; party control (Democrat or Republican); ideological climate (liberal, moderate, or conservative); and electoral competition. The availability of these databases to the wider scholarly community should spur a great deal more research on race, ethnicity, gender, and political representation as they are manifest throughout the policy making process, within and across various historical and institutional contexts.

这项合作研究通过汇集和整合种族，民族和性别的观点，在政治代表性的研究中开辟了新的天地。在过去的几十年里，美国的种族、民族和性别政治发生了巨大的变化，尤其是担任公职的妇女人数以及少数种族和族裔人数同时增加。本研究探讨了这些女性和/或少数民族立法者成功或失败，以提高妇女，有色人种妇女和种族/少数民族的实质性政策利益的复杂和有条件的过程。它不仅探讨了种族代表性、族裔代表性和性别代表性的相似和不同之处，而且还探讨了代表妇女和各少数种族和族裔政策利益的努力如何联系在一起。因此，推动这项研究的主要问题是：妇女的代表性与种族和族裔少数群体的代表性如何联系在一起，这些联系如何受到它们发生或不发生的政治和体制背景的影响？为了解决这些问题，这项研究需要一个非常密切和广泛的研究国家立法者的决策活动男性和女性，所有种族和民族，跨多个国家，并在几十年。首先，它研究了黑人女性和拉丁裔州立法者提出和赞助的立法（与他们的同事的提案相比），以阐明立法者如何认同多个群体，并认为自己代表多个群体的利益，参与政策制定过程的决策阶段。接下来，它通过检查和解释法案共同提案的模式，探讨跨性别、种族和民族界限的立法联盟的形成。最后，本研究探讨了国家政策的结果是如何影响妇女和少数民族立法者的存在和活动。特别值得关注的是，性别和种族相关政策的命运是否与有色人种妇女的努力或这些立法机构中的妇女和/或种族少数群体的联盟有关。为了进行这项关于美国各州种族、民族和性别的代表性和政治的研究，主要研究人员创建了三个相互关联的数据库：一个是关于州议员及其选区的，一个是关于这些议员提出的法案的，还有一个是关于每个州和州立法机构的政治、社会经济和制度特点的。为了建立这些数据库，从1981年开始到2005年，每隔四年从25个州收集信息。总体而言，这些州在几个重要方面代表了所有50个州，包括：州立法机构中女性，非洲裔美国人和拉丁美洲人的比例;政党控制（民主党或共和党）;意识形态气候（自由，温和或保守）;以及选举竞争。这些数据库提供给更广泛的学术界应该刺激大量更多的研究种族，民族，性别和政治代表性，因为他们是体现在整个决策过程中，内部和跨各种历史和制度背景。