The Recovery Divide: Sociospatial Disparities in Disaster Recovery from Hurricane Katrina along Mississippi's Gulf Coast

恢复鸿沟：密西西比州墨西哥湾沿岸卡特里娜飓风灾后恢复的社会空间差异

• 批准号: 0623991
• 负责人: Susan Cutter
• 金额: $ 71.9万
• 依托单位: University South Carolina Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623991&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Recovery; Divide; Sociospatial; Disparities; Disaster

Recovery from disaster is a social and physical process involving the restoration of communities and the natural environment. The differential impact of a hazard event coupled with the underlying social vulnerabilities of communities work in tandem to influence the rate and extent of recovery. For example, communities with few institutional and financial resources often experience more lengthy recovery periods when compared to more affluent communities. Similarly, there is ample social science evidence that gender, race, and class differences significantly influence disaster recovery patterns. While communities along Mississippi's Gulf Coast shared the impact of Hurricane Katrina, their demographic and economic compositions vary considerably. This project uses Hurricane Katrina and its impact on Mississippi's Gulf Coast to understand those factors that influence the rate of recovery in the region, but more importantly, the potential inequalities in the process. The research combines baseline geographic data on the social, built environment and hazard vulnerability of the region, a historical narrative on past conditions that influence the current (pre-Katrina) settlement history, a statistical analysis of historical rates of settlement and demographic change in the region, and forecasts for the future trajectory of settlement and demographic change as well as its geographic footprint. Lastly, the project documents the recovery processes itself and the role of inequalities in shaping it through interviews with key individuals in selected case study communities. In this way, the research not only furthers our understanding of the pace of recovery and its geographic extent, but also the role of inequalities in the recovery process and those antecedent conditions that could give rise to a "recovery divide".

灾后恢复是一个社会和物质过程，涉及社区和自然环境的恢复。 灾害事件的不同影响，加上社区潜在的社会脆弱性，共同影响恢复的速度和程度。 例如，与较富裕的社区相比，机构和财政资源较少的社区往往经历较长的恢复期。 同样，有充分的社会科学证据表明，性别、种族和阶级差异显著影响灾难恢复模式。 虽然密西西比墨西哥湾沿岸的沿着社区都受到了卡特里娜飓风的影响，但他们的人口和经济构成却有很大的差异。 该项目利用卡特里娜飓风及其对密西西比墨西哥湾沿岸的影响来了解影响该地区恢复速度的因素，但更重要的是，这一过程中潜在的不平等。 该研究结合了该地区的社会，建筑环境和灾害脆弱性的基线地理数据，对影响当前（卡特里娜飓风前）定居历史的过去条件的历史叙述，对该地区定居和人口变化历史速率的统计分析，以及对定居和人口变化未来轨迹及其地理足迹的预测。最后，该项目通过与选定案例研究社区的关键个人进行访谈，记录了恢复进程本身以及不平等在形成恢复进程中的作用。 通过这种方式，研究不仅加深了我们对复苏速度及其地理范围的理解，而且加深了我们对不平等在复苏过程中的作用以及可能导致“复苏鸿沟”的先决条件的理解。