SGER: Computational Photography: Lighting and Focus

SGER：计算摄影：照明和焦点

• 批准号: 0636661
• 负责人: Brian Barsky
• 金额: $ 7万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0636661&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Computational; Photography; Lighting; Focus

Intellectual merit: The proposed research program will integrate concepts from both computer graphics and photography, drawing on the extensive experience of the PI in both endeavors. The underlying notion is the application of computer graphics techniques to photography to solve fundamental shortcomings in the photographic process. This involves extending our thinking for algorithm development beyond what is physically realizable.Methods: For a group photograph that has non-uniform illumination, we will develop brightnesscompensation techniques to modify an exposed portrait such that every face would have approximately the same brightness. Our approach will extract underexposed facial regions with their average brightness values and locations, and then compensate for their underexposure by adding brightness according to the classification of the layout of the subjects. The proposed method will involve a sequence of image processing steps: extracting skin-colored objects and facial regions, extracting and determining a layout classification, and adding brightness using average brightness and spatial variation.To achieve generalized control over focus in photography, we propose to develop algorithms that will combine and process photographs. One approach will involve first taking many pictures, each with different focus settings, and then combining these images to produce a composite in which only the desired region is in focus. It will be possible to quickly take many different pictures with precisely calibrated focus settings using a digital camera under the control of our software. In the case of a moving scene that would appear different in different exposures if multiple exposures were taken, we propose a different approach that synthetically adds blur as a postprocess, to closely approximate the desired effect.Impact: The results of this research could have applications in various aspects of digital photography, both for cameras and software, and will impact the nascent and currently inchoate field of computational photography. Our algorithms will initially be prototyped as software on a computer as a postprocess, but eventually we hope to see them integrated into the firmware of digital cameras.

智力优点：拟议的研究计划将整合计算机图形和摄影的概念，借鉴PI在这两方面的丰富经验。其基本概念是将计算机图形技术应用于摄影，以解决摄影过程中的基本缺陷。这涉及到扩展我们的思想算法的发展超出了什么是物理realizable.Methods：对于一组照片，有不均匀的照明，我们将开发brightnesscompensation技术来修改暴露的肖像，使每个人的脸将有大约相同的亮度。我们的方法将提取曝光不足的面部区域与他们的平均亮度值和位置，然后补偿他们的曝光不足，根据主题的布局分类增加亮度。所提出的方法将涉及一系列的图像处理步骤：提取肤色的对象和面部区域，提取和确定布局分类，并添加亮度使用平均亮度和空间variation.To实现广义控制在摄影焦点，我们建议开发的算法，将联合收割机和处理照片。一种方法是首先拍摄许多照片，每张照片都有不同的焦点设置，然后将这些图像组合起来，产生一个只有所需区域在焦点上的合成图像。在我们软件的控制下，使用数码相机可以快速拍摄许多不同的照片，并精确校准焦点设置。在移动场景的情况下，会出现不同的曝光，如果采取多次曝光的情况下，我们提出了一种不同的方法，综合增加模糊作为后处理，以接近所需的效果。影响：这项研究的结果可以在数码摄影的各个方面的应用，无论是相机和软件，并将影响新生的和目前尚处于起步阶段的计算摄影领域。我们的算法最初将作为计算机上的软件原型作为后处理，但最终我们希望看到它们集成到数码相机的固件中。