Nucleon Structure and Nuclear Force Studies

核结构和核力研究

• 批准号: 0652909
• 负责人: Bryon Anderson
• 金额: $ 55.5万
• 依托单位: Kent State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0652909&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nucleon; Structure; Nuclear; Force; Studies

This award is for support for a group of researchers at Kent State University to perform work in experimental medium-energy nuclear physics. The goals of this research include determining the origin of the intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, of the proton, measuring the charge distribution inside the neutron, and studying short-range correlations in the nuclear force inside nuclei. The work to study the origin of the spin of the proton will be performed as part of the STAR detector collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The measurements of the charge distribution inside the neutron and the study of nuclear short-range correlations will be performed at the Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The research to be performed builds on the strength and experience of this group using large-volume neutron detectors and measuring asymmetries of particles emitted in nuclear reactions. The measured asymmetries of emitted particles in high-energy proton-proton collisions with the STAR detector at RHIC will allow one to determine the contributions of gluons to the spin of the proton. Gluons are the exchange particle responsible for the force between the quarks that make up the proton. The gluon contribution to the spin of the proton can be determined only from collisions of polarized (spin aligned) protons. This group has contributed elements to a new end-cap calorimeter for the STAR detector that will allow better measurements of the particle asymmetries. The measurements of the charge distribution of the neutron and of nuclear short-range correlations at JLab involve the use of large-volume, fast neutron detector arrays developed by this group over a number of years. All of these measurements will provide an increased understanding of the structure of the nucleon and the nature of the nuclear force. This work will provide also critically needed training of doctoral-level physicists needed in modern industry, medical fields, and academia.

该奖项是为了支持肯特州立大学的一组研究人员在实验中能核物理方面的工作。 这项研究的目标包括确定质子的内禀角动量或自旋的起源，测量中子内部的电荷分布，以及研究原子核内部核力的短程关联。 研究质子自旋起源的工作将作为布鲁克海文国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）星星探测器合作的一部分进行。 中子内部电荷分布的测量和核短程关联的研究将在杰斐逊国家加速器设施（JLab）进行。将要进行的研究将利用该小组的力量和经验，使用大容量中子探测器和测量核反应中发射的粒子的不对称性。 利用RHIC的星星探测器测量高能质子-质子碰撞中发射粒子的不对称性，将使人们能够确定胶子对质子自旋的贡献。 胶子是负责构成质子的夸克之间的力的交换粒子。 胶子对质子自旋的贡献只能从极化（自旋对齐）质子的碰撞中确定。 这个小组为星星探测器的一个新的端盖量热计提供了元件，它将允许更好地测量粒子的不对称性。 JLab的中子电荷分布和核短程关联的测量涉及使用该小组多年来开发的大体积快中子探测器阵列。 所有这些测量都将加深对核子结构和核力性质的理解。 这项工作还将为现代工业、医学领域和学术界所需的博士级物理学家提供急需的培训。