The Balance between Magnetism and Non-magnetism in Oxides: Ruthenates, Niobates, and Rhenates

技术摘要这个项目将直接解决导致一些过渡金属化合物具有磁性的关键因素，而另一些非常类似的化合物则不是。特别令人感兴趣的将是4d和5d族中基于过渡金属的氧化物，其中磁性不像更频繁研究的3D化合物中那样常见。这项研究将集中在Ru、Nb和Re基氧化物的发现和表征上，这些氧化物有望跨越磁性和非磁性之间的边界。这些特殊的材料允许从不同的角度解决磁性和非磁性之间的平衡问题：Ruthenate通常是金属导体，并且被发现具有大致相同的磁性或非磁性，Nb酸盐通常既不是磁性的也不是金属的，但有时意外地表现出这些特征中的一种或另一种，Renate形成了复杂的结构，在以前的工作中已经显示出既是磁性的(尽管5d电子参与了磁性的事实)和金属的潜力。研究生和本科生将通过这个项目接受培训，成为未来技术应用材料关键领域的研究人员。将提供一门由PI设计的新生化学课程，以培养未来工程师对技术中使用的化合物的重要性意识。国际和平协会将在当地小学和中学发表演讲，解决科学“管道”问题，并将积极鼓励妇女和少数群体参与该项目。非技术摘要这个项目将使用合成固态化学的工具以及对材料物理学的理解来直接解决我们知识中的一个核心空白：什么是导致一些过渡金属基材料具有磁性而另一些不具有磁性的关键因素？这将通过几类介于磁性和非磁性之间的过渡金属化合物的合成和性质研究来实现。在这门课程中，研究生和本科生将接受培训，成为技术应用材料关键领域的未来研究人员。将提供一门由PI设计的新生化学课程，以培养未来工程师对当前技术中使用的复杂材料的重要性意识。国际和平研究所将在小学和中学一级作专题介绍，以解决科学“管道”问题，并将积极鼓励妇女和少数群体参与该项目。

Technical AbstractThis project will directly address the critical factors that cause some transition metal based compounds to be magnetic, while others, quite similar, are not. Of particular interest will be oxides based on transition metals in the 4d and 5d family, where magnetism is not as commonly encountered as in the more frequently studied 3d compounds. The research will concentrate on the discovery and characterization of complex ruthenium, niobium, and rhenium-based oxides that are expected to straddle the border between magnetism and non-magnetism. These particular materials allow for addressing the issue of balance between magnetism and non-magnetism from different perspectives: ruthenates are often metallic conductors, and are found to be approximately equally magnetic or non-magnetic, niobates are usually neither magnetic nor metallic, but sometimes unexpectedly display one or the other of these characteristics, rhenates form complex structures that have shown in previous work the potential to be both magnetic (in spite of the fact that 5d electrons are involved in the magnetism) and metallic. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained through this project to become future researchers in the critical area of materials for technological applications. A course in freshman chemistry, designed by the PI to develop future engineers' sense of importance of the chemical compounds used in technology, will be given. The PI will make presentations at local primary and secondary schools to address the science "pipeline", and will actively encourage the participation of women and minorities in the project. Non-technical AbstractThis project will use the tools of synthetic solid state chemistry along with the understanding of the physics of materials to directly address one of the central gaps in our knowledge: What are the critical factors that cause some transition metal-based materials to be magnetic while others are not? This will be accomplished through the synthesis and property study of several classes of transition metal compounds that straddle the border between magnetism and non-magnetism. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained to become future researchers in the critical area of materials for technological applications in the course of this program. A course in freshman chemistry, designed by the PI to develop future engineers' sense of importance of the complex materials used in current technology, will be given. The PI will make presentations at the primary and secondary school level to address the science "pipeline", and will actively encourage the participation of women and minorities in the project.