PostDoctoral Research Fellowship

摘要：为什么种族间的互动对许多人来说如此难以驾驭？在跨种族交往中，人们担心什么会阻碍他们顺利进行？本研究采用社会身份威胁的方法，探讨调节焦点和情境线索两个因素如何影响人们在跨种族交往中的情感、认知和行为体验。在西北大学詹妮弗·里奇森博士的赞助下，提出了五项实验研究。这些研究测试了关于身份威胁如何影响跨种族交往中的情感、认知和行为结果的因果假设。本研究将探讨白人和少数民族在种族交往中对社会身份威胁体验的两个潜在影响：1)个体的自我调节焦点；2)互动情境中的情境线索。测量少数民族与白人在交往前的焦虑、交往中的行为以及交往产生的认知耗竭和满意度。此外，我们将测试监管焦点的转变和/或互动背景下的特定情境线索是否可以减少身份威胁，为未来更积极的跨种族接触打开大门。从种族间相互作用的关系角度出发，本研究从多数和少数群体成员的角度考察了调节焦点和情境线索影响身份威胁体验及其情感、认知和行为结果的过程。本研究将对现有关于种族间互动和社会身份威胁的文献做出新的理论贡献，并为如何构建种族间互动以减少身份威胁，促进少数群体和多数群体成员的顺利交流和更多享受提供实践指导。此外，这项研究将使PI拓宽她的研究重点，并在种族间相互作用的主要研究者的指导下学习新的方法和技能。从这位专家那里学习互动方法和理论将是她培训的一个关键目标。本研究将扩展和促进身份威胁理论，并提供一个更好的理解的过程中，线索影响心理和行为呈现在种族间的互动。最后，该奖学金将支持一位在行为科学领域未被充分代表的少数族裔科学家。

Proposal # 6632920PI: Murphy, MaryUnderstanding Interracial Interactions: How Social Identity Threat Influences Affect, Cognition, and Behavior during Intergroup ContactAbstract: Why are interracial interactions so difficult for many people to navigate? What are people's concerns during interracial interactions that keep them from going smoothly? This research takes a social identity threat approach to examine how two factors regulatory focus and situational cuesinfluence people's affective, cognitive and behavioral experiences during interracial interactions. Five experimental studies are proposed under the sponsorship of Dr. Jennifer Richeson at Northwestern University. These studies test causal hypotheses about how identity threat influences affective, cognitive and behavioral outcomes during interracial interactions. The proposed studies will investigate two potential influences on the experiences of social identity threat among Whites and ethnic/racial minorities during interracial interaction: 1) individuals' self-regulatory focus, and 2) situational cues within the interaction context. Ethnic minority and Whites' anxiety before the interactions, behavior during the interactions, and cognitive depletion and satisfaction resulting from the interracial interactions will be measured. Furthermore, we will test whether shifts in regulatory focus and/or particular situational cues in the interaction context can reduce identity threat, opening the door for more positive interracial contact in the future. Taking a relational view of interracial interactions, this work examines the processes by which regulatory focus and situational cues affect experiences of identity threat and its affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes from the perspectives of both majority and minority group members. This research will make novel theoretical contributions to the existing literatures on interracial interactions and social identity threat, as well as provide practical guidance about how interracial interactions might be structured to reduce identity threat and facilitate smooth exchange and more enjoyment for both minority and majority group members. In addition, this research will allow the PI to broaden her research focus and learn new methodology and skills under the mentorship of the premier investigator of interracial interactions. Learning interaction methodology and theory from this expert will be a key objective of her training. This research will expand and contribute to identity threat theory and provide a better understanding of the processes by which cues affect the psychology and behaviors present during interracial interactions. Finally, the fellowship will support an underrepresented minority scientist in behavioral science.