CEDAR: All-Sky Mapping of E-Region Neutral Winds Above Poker Flat, Alaska

该项目将利用地面光学遥感技术获得地球夜间极光E区水平中性风的二维空间分辨图。 这些地图将从557.7 nm处的原子氧极光发射线的多普勒频移中得出。 虽然存在其他几种用于测量E区域风的地面和空间技术，但它们都很困难，并且它们没有重复本项目中预期的覆盖范围和分辨率。 风图将覆盖以阿拉斯加扑克平原为中心的直径约700公里的地理区域。 这完全包括国家科学基金会的新AMISR雷达的E区视场。 垂直覆盖范围约为110公里至140公里。 随着映射区域被分解为60到100个子场，单个映射的积分时间将在1到5分钟之间变化，取决于信号电平，典型的不确定性为每秒几米。 多普勒温度图也将获得相同的空间和时间分辨率，典型的不确定性小于10 K。 将进行一些科学研究。 所有这些都依赖于将E区风图与监测同一视场的其他仪器（包括扑克平台AMISR雷达）的数据相结合。 要研究的课题包括小空间尺度（100公里）E区中性动力学中离子-中性动量耦合的作用、水平输运在风暴引起的热层成分扰动演变中的作用、重力波引起的水平速度扰动、中性风在确定中性大气加热和整体运动之间磁层能量沉积分配中的作用、以及E区和F区水平辐散与垂直风的关系。 该项目包括使用5色氦氖激光器、新的稳频激光器和自动校准源查看系统来显著升级仪器的自校准能力。 除了CEDAR特定的科学主题外，预计还会产生一些更广泛的影响。 将支持一名研究生参与这项研究，其工作将是该项目各个方面的组成部分。 该项目主要强调光学校准，与阿拉斯加大学400级本科光学课程有明显的相关性-这是所有物理专业的要求。 光学设计和由此产生的校准数据的方面将被纳入学生的实验室和家庭作业项目。 E区域风测绘将在总体上增加大气科学的基础设施，展示其他实验者可根据其研究需要加以利用的新能力。 更具体地说，有一个高度的协同作用，与两个主要的现有NSF资助的项目在扑克楼：AMISR雷达和三个窄场法布里-珀罗光谱仪的三基地阵列。

This project will use ground-based optical remote sensing to obtain two-dimensional spatially resolved maps of horizontal neutral winds in Earth's night-time auroral E-region. The maps will be derived from Doppler shifts of the atomic oxygen auroral emission line at 557.7 nm. While several other ground and spaced-based techniques exist for measuring E-region winds, they are all difficult, and they do not duplicate the coverage and resolution that is anticipated in this project. The wind maps will cover a geographic region approximately 700 km in diameter, centered on Poker Flat, Alaska. This fully includes the E-region field of view of the National Science Foundation's new AMISR radar. Vertical coverage will span approximately 110 km to 140 km. With the mapping region resolved into 60 to 100 sub-fields, integration times for a single map will vary between one and five minutes, depending on signal levels, for typical uncertainties of a few meters per second. Doppler temperature maps will also be obtained with the same spatial and temporal resolution, with typical uncertainties of less than 10K. A number of scientific studies will be conducted. All depend on combining E-region wind maps with data from other instruments monitoring the same field of view, including the Poker Flat AMISR radar. Topics to be studied include the role of ion-neutral momentum coupling in E-region neutral dynamics at small ( 100 km) spatial scales, the role of horizontal transport in the evolution of storm-induced thermospheric composition perturbations, horizontal velocity perturbations due to gravity waves, the role of neutral winds in determining the partitioning of magnetospheric energy deposition between heating and bulk motion of the neutral atmosphere, and the relationship between horizontal divergence and vertical wind in the E- and F-regions. The project includes work to significantly upgrade the instrument's self-calibration capability with a 5-color helium neon laser, a new frequency stabilized laser, and an automated calibration source viewing system. In addition to CEDAR-specific science topics, a number of broader impacts are anticipated. A graduate student will be supported to participate in this research, whose work will be integral to all aspects of the project. With a major emphasis on optical calibration, this project has obvious relevance to the University of Alaska's 400-level undergraduate optics class - which is required for all physics majors. Aspects of both the optical design and the resulting calibration data will be incorporated into the students' laboratory and homework projects. The E-region wind mapping would add to the infrastructure of atmospheric science at a general level by demonstrating a new capability that other experimenters could exploit according to their research needs. More specifically, there is a high degree of synergy with two major existing NSF funded projects at Poker Flat: The AMISR radar and a tristatic array of three narrow-field Fabry-Perot spectrometers.