Doctoral Dissertaion Improvement Grant: Domestic Economies and Regional Transition: Household Production and Consumption in Early Postclassic Xaltocan, Mexico

博士论文改进补助金：国内经济和区域转型：墨西哥萨尔托坎早期后经典时期的家庭生产和消费

• 批准号: 0742249
• 负责人: Elizabeth Brumfiel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0742249&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertaion; Improvement; Grant; Domestic

Under the direction of Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, Kristin De Lucia will examine household production and consumption during the growth of a Postclassic regional center at the site of Xaltocan, Mexico. This research focuses on households in Early Postclassic (AD 900 - 1150) Xaltocan to discover how commoners participated in market exchange, in order to better understand the relationship between ordinary people and the development of broader economies. While models of development frequently focus on elite exchange and luxury crafts, the proposed research instead examines household production and consumption of ordinary goods during the initial stages of market development in the Basin of Mexico. This research tests the hypothesis that economic development in Xaltocan depended upon part-time household production of such goods and commoner demand for both utilitarian and socially valued commodities. In particular, this research predicts that households in Xaltocan exploited lacustrine resources to participate in regional exchange systems. As the desire to consume imported goods increased, commoners intensified lake extraction activities to afford greater access to market exchange. Ultimately, this research seeks to highlight the household as a fundamental component of economic and social development in Early Postclassic Mexico. Xaltocan was a man-made island situated in the northern lake system in the Valley of Mexico. When Xaltocan was founded it was a modest settlement. However, by the end of the Early Postclassic period, Xaltocan grew to become a regional center, playing a primary role in regional exchange and organization. Xaltocan is one of few remaining Early Postclassic sites from the northern Valley; thus, a diachronic study of household change from the Early to Middle Postclassic at Xaltocan offers a rare opportunity to investigate domestic and regional-level interactions during the emergence of a powerful political center. De Lucia will conduct full-scale household excavations of a patio group, integrating multiple lines of evidence, including macro- and micro-artifacts, soil chemistry, microwear analysis, ethnobotanical and ethnozoological remains, and architecture. Patterning among these data will identify the production and consumption of food products that are often overlooked in household contexts. In addition, De Lucia will examine ceramic variability from multiple households and contexts. By integrating data on the functional, contextual, and aesthetic characteristics of ceramics, this project will offer new insight into the motivations, social concerns, and practical needs that influenced household consumption decisions. For its broader impacts, the proposed research will serve as an important educational resource for the Xaltocan community. Tours of excavations are organized for children and adults. Local community members participate in excavations and Mexican archaeologists will work with the project to supervise excavations. All archaeological collections remain in Xaltocan and may become incorporated into the local museum; thus, future students and archaeologists will be able to access the collections for study. Lastly, the results of the proposed research will be published as a dissertation, released as journal articles, and presented at professional meetings to disseminate research findings to the academic community.

在Elizabeth M. Brumfiel，Kristin De Lucia将在墨西哥Xaltocan的后经典区域中心的发展过程中研究家庭生产和消费。 本研究以后古典时代早期（公元900 - 1150年）Xaltocan的家庭为研究对象，探讨普通人如何参与市场交换，以更好地理解普通人与更广泛的经济发展之间的关系。 虽然发展模式往往侧重于精英交换和奢侈工艺品，但拟议的研究却考察了墨西哥盆地市场发展初期的家庭生产和普通商品消费。 这项研究测试的假设，即在Xaltocan的经济发展依赖于兼职家庭生产的这些商品和共同的需求，功利和社会价值的商品。 特别是，这项研究预测，在Xaltocan的家庭利用湖泊资源参与区域交换系统。 随着消费进口商品的欲望增加，平民加强了湖泊开采活动，以获得更多的市场交换机会。 最终，这项研究旨在强调家庭作为早期后古典墨西哥经济和社会发展的基本组成部分。 Xaltocan是一个位于墨西哥谷北方湖泊系统的人工岛。 当Xaltocan成立时，它是一个温和的解决方案。 然而，到了后古典时期末期，萨尔托坎逐渐发展成为一个区域中心，在区域交流和组织中发挥着重要作用。 Xaltocan是为数不多的从北方山谷的早期后古典遗址之一，因此，从早期到中期后古典在Xaltocan的家庭变化的历时性研究提供了一个难得的机会，调查国内和地区层面的互动在一个强大的政治中心的出现。 De Lucia将对一个天井组进行全面的家庭挖掘，整合多条证据线，包括宏观和微观文物、土壤化学、微磨损分析、民族植物学和民族动物学遗迹以及建筑。 这些数据的模式将确定在家庭环境中经常被忽视的食品的生产和消费。 此外，De Lucia将研究来自多个家庭和环境的陶瓷变化。 通过整合有关陶瓷的功能，背景和美学特征的数据，该项目将为影响家庭消费决策的动机，社会关注和实际需求提供新的见解。 对于其更广泛的影响，拟议的研究将作为一个重要的教育资源的Xaltocan社区。 为儿童和成人组织了挖掘的图尔斯之旅。 当地社区成员参与挖掘工作，墨西哥考古学家将与该项目合作监督挖掘工作。 所有的考古收藏品都保留在Xaltocan，并可能被纳入当地博物馆;因此，未来的学生和考古学家将能够访问这些收藏品进行研究。 最后，拟议研究的结果将作为论文发表，作为期刊文章发布，并在专业会议上发表，以向学术界传播研究成果。