Doctoral Dissertaion Improvement Grant: Domestic Economies and Regional Transition: Household Production and Consumption in Early Postclassic Xaltocan, Mexico

在伊丽莎白·M·布鲁姆菲尔的指导下，克里斯汀·德·卢西亚将在墨西哥哈尔托坎遗址的一个后古典地区中心的发展过程中，研究家庭生产和消费。本研究以后古典时期(公元900-1150)早期的家庭为研究对象，以发现普通民众是如何参与市场交换的，以期更好地了解普通民众与更广泛的经济发展之间的关系。虽然发展模式往往侧重于精英交换和奢侈品工艺品，但拟议中的研究转而考察了墨西哥盆地市场发展初期的家庭生产和普通商品消费。这项研究检验了这样一种假设，即萨尔托邦的经济发展依赖于家庭对此类商品的兼职生产，以及普通民众对功利性和社会价值商品的需求。特别是，这项研究预测，萨尔托邦的家庭可以利用湖泊资源参与区域交流系统。随着消费进口商品的欲望增加，普通民众加强了湖泊开采活动，以提供更多的市场交换机会。最终，这项研究试图强调家庭作为后古典墨西哥早期经济和社会发展的基本组成部分。萨尔托坎岛是一个人工岛，位于墨西哥河谷的北部湖系中。当萨尔托坎成立时，这是一个不起眼的聚居地。然而，到后古典时期早期结束时，萨尔托坎发展成为一个区域中心，在区域交流和组织中发挥着主要作用。萨尔托坎是北部山谷仅存的为数不多的早期后古典遗址之一；因此，对夏尔托坎从早期到中期后古典时期的家庭变迁进行历时研究，为研究强大政治中心出现期间国内和地区层面的互动提供了难得的机会。德卢西亚将对一个庭院群进行全面的家庭挖掘，整合多条证据线，包括宏观和微观文物、土壤化学、微磨损分析、民族植物学和民族动物学遗迹以及建筑。这些数据中的模式将确定在家庭环境中经常被忽视的食品的生产和消费。此外，De Lucia将研究来自多个家庭和背景的陶瓷可变性。通过整合陶瓷的功能、背景和美学特征的数据，该项目将为影响家庭消费决策的动机、社会关切和实际需求提供新的见解。就其更广泛的影响而言，拟议的研究将成为萨尔托坎社区的重要教育资源。为儿童和成人组织了挖掘之旅。当地社区成员参与挖掘，墨西哥考古学家将与该项目合作监督挖掘。所有的考古收藏品仍保留在萨尔托坎，并可能纳入当地博物馆；因此，未来的学生和考古学家将能够访问这些收藏品进行研究。最后，建议的研究成果将以论文形式发表，以期刊文章的形式发表，并在专业会议上提交，以向学术界传播研究成果。

Under the direction of Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, Kristin De Lucia will examine household production and consumption during the growth of a Postclassic regional center at the site of Xaltocan, Mexico. This research focuses on households in Early Postclassic (AD 900 - 1150) Xaltocan to discover how commoners participated in market exchange, in order to better understand the relationship between ordinary people and the development of broader economies. While models of development frequently focus on elite exchange and luxury crafts, the proposed research instead examines household production and consumption of ordinary goods during the initial stages of market development in the Basin of Mexico. This research tests the hypothesis that economic development in Xaltocan depended upon part-time household production of such goods and commoner demand for both utilitarian and socially valued commodities. In particular, this research predicts that households in Xaltocan exploited lacustrine resources to participate in regional exchange systems. As the desire to consume imported goods increased, commoners intensified lake extraction activities to afford greater access to market exchange. Ultimately, this research seeks to highlight the household as a fundamental component of economic and social development in Early Postclassic Mexico. Xaltocan was a man-made island situated in the northern lake system in the Valley of Mexico. When Xaltocan was founded it was a modest settlement. However, by the end of the Early Postclassic period, Xaltocan grew to become a regional center, playing a primary role in regional exchange and organization. Xaltocan is one of few remaining Early Postclassic sites from the northern Valley; thus, a diachronic study of household change from the Early to Middle Postclassic at Xaltocan offers a rare opportunity to investigate domestic and regional-level interactions during the emergence of a powerful political center. De Lucia will conduct full-scale household excavations of a patio group, integrating multiple lines of evidence, including macro- and micro-artifacts, soil chemistry, microwear analysis, ethnobotanical and ethnozoological remains, and architecture. Patterning among these data will identify the production and consumption of food products that are often overlooked in household contexts. In addition, De Lucia will examine ceramic variability from multiple households and contexts. By integrating data on the functional, contextual, and aesthetic characteristics of ceramics, this project will offer new insight into the motivations, social concerns, and practical needs that influenced household consumption decisions. For its broader impacts, the proposed research will serve as an important educational resource for the Xaltocan community. Tours of excavations are organized for children and adults. Local community members participate in excavations and Mexican archaeologists will work with the project to supervise excavations. All archaeological collections remain in Xaltocan and may become incorporated into the local museum; thus, future students and archaeologists will be able to access the collections for study. Lastly, the results of the proposed research will be published as a dissertation, released as journal articles, and presented at professional meetings to disseminate research findings to the academic community.