CAREER: Attentional Inhibition to Selected-and-Rejected Visual Features and Categories

职业：对选择和拒绝的视觉特征和类别的注意抑制

• 批准号: 0746586
• 负责人: Alejandro Lleras
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0746586&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Attentional; Inhibition; Selected; Rejected

Imagine looking for a female friend of yours in a crowd filled with your male friends. How successful you are at finding your female friend this time around will partly determine how successful you will be in the future at the same task. The proposed research will examine the question of how perceiver's prior visual experience affects subsequent processes in which the perceiver attends to and ultimately sees the world. The research builds on the finding that by looking for a female (target) within a group of males (distractors), the visual attention system creates a bias against attending to male faces. Such an inhibitory bias against distractors persists over time and will consequently affect how the perceiver attends to any future scene that contains male faces or any stimuli within the same category of the distractor. The proposed research will use a variety of tasks to examine such biases and their consequences in visual processing, for example, whether the bias exists in the context of both spatial search (looking for an object) and temporal search (looking for the appearance of an object, within a stream of briefly presented objects).The research project begins to address a fundamental question that has not received much research attention, that is, how our prior visual experience affects where, what and how we will look at a scene in subsequent visual information processing. The investigator is committed to integrating research and training activities in this CAREER project by using the project as a training opportunity in functional neuroimaging to study the brain mechanisms involved in creating these experience-based biases of attention. Further, the investigator will integrate research and education activities at the undergraduate and graduate levels, by actively involving students in the projects and by developing courses that will provide students with the tools and the theoretical knowledge for independent research. Finally, the project will also open the door to study attention-based deficits in humans and deficits in inhibitory control, such as Attention Deficit Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Depression, Executive Control Function Impairments, Schizophrenia and Dementia. As a researcher of Hispanic background, the investigator is in a unique position to improve minority representation and visibility in science in general and cognitive psychology in particular.

想象一下，在一群男性朋友中寻找你的女性朋友。这次你在寻找女性朋友方面有多成功，将部分决定你将来在同样的任务中有多成功。拟议的研究将探讨感知者的先前视觉经验如何影响感知者关注并最终看到世界的后续过程。这项研究的基础是，通过在一群男性（干扰者）中寻找女性（目标），视觉注意系统会产生一种偏见，反对注意男性的面孔。 这种对干扰物的抑制性偏见会随着时间的推移而持续存在，并因此影响感知者如何关注任何包含男性面孔或同一类别干扰物内的任何刺激的未来场景。这项研究将使用多种任务来研究这种偏见及其在视觉加工中的后果，例如，这种偏见是否存在于空间搜索和空间搜索的背景下。（寻找对象）和时间搜索（在一系列简要呈现的对象中寻找对象的外观）。该研究项目开始解决一个尚未受到太多研究关注的基本问题，也就是说，我们先前的视觉经验如何影响我们在随后的视觉信息处理中在哪里、看什么以及如何看一个场景。 研究者致力于将研究和培训活动整合到这个CAREER项目中，将该项目用作功能神经成像的培训机会，以研究创建这些基于经验的注意力偏差的大脑机制。此外，研究人员将整合研究和教育活动在本科和研究生阶段，通过积极参与学生的项目，并通过开发课程，将为学生提供独立研究的工具和理论知识。最后，该项目还将打开大门，研究人类的注意力缺陷和抑制控制缺陷，如注意力缺陷障碍，强迫症，抑郁症，执行控制功能障碍，精神分裂症和痴呆症。作为西班牙裔背景的研究人员，研究人员处于独特的地位，以提高少数民族的代表性和科学的可见性，特别是认知心理学。