International Research Fellowship Program: New Perspectives on Earthquake Mechanics: A Multidisciplinary Study of Physico-Chemical Processes during the Seismic Cycle

[0754258]格里菲斯国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够到国外进行9至24个月的研究。该计划的奖励为联合研究提供了机会，并利用独特或互补的设施、专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持William a . Griffith博士与Giulio Di Tori博士在意大利罗马国家地质火山研究所（INGV）开展为期24个月的研究。该项目将有助于建立一个新的最先进的实验室，该实验室通过自然地震和地震断层的观测来限制高速岩石摩擦实验。了解控制地震发生的物理化学过程在地震危险性评估中是必不可少的。破坏性地震在深度（10-15公里）处形成核，因此监测地球上的活动断层？或解释地震波，只能得到有限的地震力学信息。在这里，参与的科学家通过以下方式研究地震过程：(i)研究现在在地球表面挖掘出来的地震源化石；（ii）研制一种新的世界级高速岩石摩擦装置（HVRFA），在典型的地震变形条件下进行实验；（iii）利用一种新的多学科方法，包括微观结构分析、矿物学和岩石学的最新技术，分析天然和实验断层岩石材料；（iv）通过实地观测、岩石摩擦实验的力学数据以及对自然和实验断层岩石的分析，建立新的理论地震模型。

0754258GriffithThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. William A. Griffith to work with Dr. Giulio Di Tori at the Instituto Nazionale de Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in Rome, Italy.This project will contribute to a new state-of-the art lab which constrains high velocity rock friction experiments with observations from natural seismic and aseismic faults. Understanding the physico-chemical processes controlling earthquake generation is essential in seismic hazard assessment. Destructive earthquakes nucleate at depth (10-15 km), therefore monitoring active faults at the Earth?s surface, or interpreting seismic waves, yields only limited information on earthquake mechanics. Here participating scientists study the earthquake processes by: (i) studying fossil seismic sources now exhumed at the Earth's surface; (ii) working on a a new world class high velocity rock friction apparatus (HVRFA) to perform experiments under deformation conditions typical of earthquakes; (iii) analyzing natural and experimental fault rock materials using a novel multidisciplinary approach involving state of the art techniques in microstructural analysis, mineralogy and petrology; and (iv) producing new theoretical earthquake models calibrated (and firmly constrained) by field observations, mechanical data from rock-friction experiments and analyses of natural and experimental fault rocks.