International Research Fellowship Program: Emissions of Bromine from the Marine Environment and its Effect on Statospheric Ozone

国际研究奖学金计划：海洋环境中的溴排放及其对平流层臭氧的影响

• 批准号: 0802623
• 负责人: Monica Martinez-Aviles
• 金额: $ 12.33万
• 依托单位: Martinez-Aviles Monica
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0802623&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Emissions

0802623Martinez-AvilesThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Monica Martinez-Aviles to work with Drs. Gregory Bodeker and Karin Kreher at National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in Central Otago, New Zealand. Co-support for this project is provided by the Math and Physical Science?s Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.The proposed project aims to better quantify the origin of bromine in the lower stratosphere and in particular the role that both natural and anthropogenically stimulated emissions of very short-lived bromine containing compounds from the ocean may play in the bromine budget of the lower stratosphere. First, to validate satellite-based measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric BrO (e.g. those made by GOME and SCIAMACHY), a long time series (2001 to present) of direct-sun and zenith-sky UV-visible spectroscopic measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, are analyzed using an optimal estimation retrieval technique. Then, to better understand the environmental factors (local macro algae type, sunlight, temperature, wind speed) that control emissions of BrO from the marine environment to the troposphere, measurements of BrO are made around the coastline of New Zealand using a portable MAX-DOAS spectrometer. Finally, to assess the impacts of anthropogenically enhanced emissions of bromine from planned commercial kelp farms on the stratospheric budget of bromine, and thereby on stratospheric ozone, multi-decadal simulations using a coupled chemistry-climate model with enhanced surface emissions of bromine are performed.

0802623 Martinez-Aviles国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，并使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持博士莫妮卡马丁内斯-阿维莱斯二十四个月的研究奖学金，与博士格雷戈里博德克和卡琳Kreher在国家水和大气研究所（NIWA）在奥塔哥中部，新西兰。 该项目的共同支持是由数学和物理科学？拟议的项目旨在更好地量化平流层下部溴的来源，特别是海洋中寿命极短的含溴化合物的自然排放和人为刺激排放在平流层下部溴预算中可能发挥的作用。首先，为了验证对流层和平流层溴的基于卫星的测量（例如，由国美和SCIAMACHY），一个长时间序列（2001年至今）的直射太阳和天顶天空紫外可见光谱测量在Lauder，新西兰，使用最佳估计检索技术进行了分析。然后，为了更好地了解控制从海洋环境到对流层的BrO排放的环境因素（当地大型藻类类型、阳光、温度、风速），使用便携式MAX-DOAS光谱仪在新西兰海岸线周围测量BrO。最后，为了评估计划中的商业海带养殖场的溴的有害排放量增加对平流层溴预算的影响，从而对平流层臭氧的影响，使用一个具有溴的表面排放量增加的化学-气候耦合模型进行了多年模拟。