International Research Fellowship Program: Emissions of Bromine from the Marine Environment and its Effect on Statospheric Ozone

马丁内斯-阿维尔国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，并利用国外独特或互补的设施、专业知识和实验条件。该奖项将支持Monica Martinez-Aviles博士与新西兰奥塔戈中部国家水与大气研究所(NIWA)的Gregory Bodeker博士和Karin Kreher博士合作，为期24个月的研究奖学金。该项目由数学和物理科学S多学科活动办公室共同支持。拟议的项目旨在更好地量化平流层下部溴的来源，特别是海洋中寿命极短的含溴化合物的自然和人为刺激排放在平流层下部溴预算中可能发挥的作用。首先，为了验证基于卫星的对流层和平流层BRO测量(例如，由GOME和SCIAMACHY进行的测量)，利用最优估计反演技术分析了2001年至今新西兰兰德尔的太阳直射和天顶-天空紫外-可见光光谱测量的长时间序列。然后，为了更好地了解控制从海洋环境到对流层的BRO排放的环境因素(当地的宏观藻类类型、日照、温度、风速)，使用便携式MAX-DOAS光谱仪在新西兰海岸线周围测量了BRO。最后，为了评估规划中的商业海藻养殖场人为增加的溴排放对平流层溴预算的影响，从而对平流层臭氧的影响，使用了一个表面溴排放增加的化学-气候耦合模式进行了数十年的模拟。

0802623Martinez-AvilesThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Monica Martinez-Aviles to work with Drs. Gregory Bodeker and Karin Kreher at National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in Central Otago, New Zealand. Co-support for this project is provided by the Math and Physical Science?s Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.The proposed project aims to better quantify the origin of bromine in the lower stratosphere and in particular the role that both natural and anthropogenically stimulated emissions of very short-lived bromine containing compounds from the ocean may play in the bromine budget of the lower stratosphere. First, to validate satellite-based measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric BrO (e.g. those made by GOME and SCIAMACHY), a long time series (2001 to present) of direct-sun and zenith-sky UV-visible spectroscopic measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, are analyzed using an optimal estimation retrieval technique. Then, to better understand the environmental factors (local macro algae type, sunlight, temperature, wind speed) that control emissions of BrO from the marine environment to the troposphere, measurements of BrO are made around the coastline of New Zealand using a portable MAX-DOAS spectrometer. Finally, to assess the impacts of anthropogenically enhanced emissions of bromine from planned commercial kelp farms on the stratospheric budget of bromine, and thereby on stratospheric ozone, multi-decadal simulations using a coupled chemistry-climate model with enhanced surface emissions of bromine are performed.