International Research Fellowship Program: Emissions of Bromine from the Marine Environment and its Effect on Statospheric Ozone

[802623] martinez - aviles国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9至24个月的研究。该计划的奖励为联合研究提供了机会，并利用独特或互补的设施、专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持莫妮卡·马丁内斯-阿维莱斯博士为期24个月的研究奖学金。Gregory Bodeker和Karin Kreher来自新西兰中部奥塔哥国家水与大气研究所（NIWA）。本项目由数学与物理科学？多学科活动办公室。拟议的项目旨在更好地量化平流层下层溴的来源，特别是海洋中极短寿命含溴化合物的自然和人为刺激排放在平流层下层溴收支中可能发挥的作用。首先,验证卫星测量对流层和平流层兄弟(如那些由国美和模拟战),很长时间系列(2001年至今)的阳光直射和zenith-sky兰黛紫外可见光谱测量,分析了新西兰,使用最优估计检索技术。然后，为了更好地了解控制海洋环境向对流层排放BrO的环境因素（当地大型藻类类型，阳光，温度，风速），使用便携式MAX-DOAS光谱仪在新西兰海岸线周围进行了BrO测量。最后，为了评估计划中的商业海带养殖场人为增加的溴排放对平流层溴收支的影响，从而对平流层臭氧的影响，使用具有表面溴排放增加的耦合化学-气候模式进行了多年代际模拟。

0802623Martinez-AvilesThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Monica Martinez-Aviles to work with Drs. Gregory Bodeker and Karin Kreher at National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in Central Otago, New Zealand. Co-support for this project is provided by the Math and Physical Science?s Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.The proposed project aims to better quantify the origin of bromine in the lower stratosphere and in particular the role that both natural and anthropogenically stimulated emissions of very short-lived bromine containing compounds from the ocean may play in the bromine budget of the lower stratosphere. First, to validate satellite-based measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric BrO (e.g. those made by GOME and SCIAMACHY), a long time series (2001 to present) of direct-sun and zenith-sky UV-visible spectroscopic measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, are analyzed using an optimal estimation retrieval technique. Then, to better understand the environmental factors (local macro algae type, sunlight, temperature, wind speed) that control emissions of BrO from the marine environment to the troposphere, measurements of BrO are made around the coastline of New Zealand using a portable MAX-DOAS spectrometer. Finally, to assess the impacts of anthropogenically enhanced emissions of bromine from planned commercial kelp farms on the stratospheric budget of bromine, and thereby on stratospheric ozone, multi-decadal simulations using a coupled chemistry-climate model with enhanced surface emissions of bromine are performed.