US-Egypt Cooperative Research: Study of Nutrient Fluxes via Submarine Groundwater Discharge into the Coastal Zone Around Alexandria, Egypt

0809040伯内特该项目支持威廉伯内特博士，佛罗里达州立大学，塔拉哈西和博士艾曼埃尔-贾迈勒，海岸研究所，埃及亚历山大的合作研究。 他们计划研究什么？亚历山大港周围海岸带海底地下水排放的营养盐通量研究？技术优点：海底地下水排放（SGD）是营养物质和其他溶解成分从陆地到沿海海洋的一个重要但基本上无法量化的途径。沿海海洋学家和水文学家已经表明，只要有正水头的含水层在水力上与地表水体相连，就会发生淡水通过沉积物缓慢而持续的渗漏。现在人们认识到，相当数量的海水也通过沿海含水层系统再循环。淡水和盐水的输入都为沿海沃茨提供营养物和其他溶解固体。该项目有三个不同的目标：（1）调查SGD在向埃及亚历山大港周围沿海地区输送营养物中的作用;（2）使用天然放射性同位素估计地下水通量;（3）促进传播有关SGD的知识，测量技术及其在埃及的潜在沿海管理影响。所选场地位于亚历山大港附近，在West El-Nobareya排水管出口周围（亚历山大港中心以西约21公里）。地下水在亚历山大港附近的浅层被发现。此外，由于受污染的地表水渗入含水层，地下水质量正在恶化。PI将使用自动氡监测仪在不同时间段内连续测量SGD流量。他们计划为该地点建立一个详细的营养预算。该地区营养物质的潜在来源包括地表水流入、大气沉积、沉积物水界面的扩散以及目前尚不清楚的SGD。这可能是第一次在北非沿海沃茨进行地下水排放研究。更广泛的影响：人力资源开发将是该项目的一个重要方面，办法是在发展中国家进行能力建设，让研究生有意义地参与实地研究和其他方面的研究。佛罗里达州立大学的一名研究生将有机会增加他的博士学位。在这个项目的研究。该项目还涉及重要的沿海地区管理问题，因为正在研究的城市沿海系统遭受了地下水的过度消耗，与此相关的过度抽取，以及肥料，污水和其他污染源的污染增加。受污染的地下沃茨的营养物输入与近岸沃茨的富营养化和近海有害藻华的日益增加有关。 该项目得到了美国-埃及联合基金计划的支持。

0809040BurnettThis project supports collaborative research by Dr. William Burnett, Florida State University, Tallahassee and Dr. Ayman El-Gamal, Coastal Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt. They plan a study on ?Study of Nutrient Fluxes Submarine Groundwater Discharge into the Coastal Zone Around Alexandria? Technical Merit: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represents an important, yet largely unquantified pathway for nutrients and other dissolved constituents from land to the coastal ocean. Coastal oceanographers and hydrologists have shown that slow yet persistent seepage of fresh groundwater through sediments occurs wherever an aquifer with a positive head is hydraulically connected to a surface water body. It is now recognized that a considerable amount of seawater is also recirculated through coastal aquifer systems. Both fresh and saline water inputs contribute nutrients and other dissolved solids to coastal waters. This project has three distinct objectives: (1) investigate the role of SGD in the delivery of nutrients to the coastal zone around Alexandria, Egypt; (2) estimate groundwater fluxes using natural radioisotopes; and (3) contribute to the dissemination of knowledge concerning SGD, measurement techniques, and its potential coastal management implications in Egypt. The selected site is located near Alexandria around the outlet of West El-Nobareya Drain (about 21 km west of the center of Alexandria). Groundwater is found at shallow depths in the vicinity of Alexandria. In addition, the groundwater quality is deteriorating as a consequence of the infiltration of contaminated surface water into the aquifers. The PIs will use automated radon monitors for continuous measurements of SGD flow over various time periods. They plan to construct a detailed nutrient budget for the site. Potential sources of nutrients to this area include surface water inflow, atmospheric deposition, diffusion across the sediment water interface, and SGD, that is currently unknown. This would likely be the first groundwater discharge study in North African coastal waters. Broader impacts: Human resource development will be an important aspect of this project via capacity building in a developing country and meaningful graduate student participation in the field studies and other aspects of the research. A graduate student at Florida State University will have the opportunity to add to his Ph.D. research during this project. The project also involves important coastal zone management issues as the urban coastal system being studied has suffered from over consumption of groundwater, subsidence relating to this over pumping, and increased contamination from fertilizer, sewage, and other pollution sources. Nutrient inputs from contaminated groundwaters have been implicated in the eutrophication of near-shore waters and the increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms offshore. This project is being supported under the US-Egypt Joint Fund Program.