Holocene Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Reconstructions from Peruvian Mollusks

通过研究秘鲁软体动物贝壳在冰期和间冰期期间厄尔尼诺事件的规模、强度和频率的记录，为研究自然和人为强迫在厄尔尼诺事件中的作用提供了资金。研究人员将使用软体动物贝壳作为气候指标，以补充赤道太平洋的直接测量和观测。具体地说，该研究旨在从受秘鲁沿海厄尔尼诺事件直接影响的东热带太平洋地区产生跨越全新世的定量季节性尺度海表面温度(SST)重建。通过确定年平均海温、海温的季节幅度和ENSO活动，研究人员计划解决：(I)全新世太阳辐射变化如何影响SST、上升流强度和ENSO变率的季节周期；(Ii)中全新世东太平洋ENSO变率变化的准确时间和程度；(Iii)大气ENSO遥相关可能发生的变化；以及(Iv)季节性和太平洋背景状态对ENSO活动的影响。更广泛的影响包括开发独特的海表面温度误差估计，可用于气候模型和支持参与研究的研究生和研究生。

Funding is provided to investigate the role of natural and anthropogenic forcing in El Nino events by examining the record of El Nino events from Peruvian mollusk shells in terms of their magnitude, intensity, and frequency during glacial and interglacial time periods. The researcher will use mollusk shells as climate proxies to complement direct measurements and observations from the equatorial Pacific.Specifically, the research aims to produce quantitative seasonal-scale sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions spanning the Holocene from the eastern tropical Pacific region directly impacted by El Niño events in coastal Peru. By determining annual mean SSTs, the seasonal amplitude of SST, and ENSO activity, the researcher plans to address: (i) how Holocene solar insolation changes may have affected the seasonal cycle of SST, upwelling intensity, and ENSO variability; (ii) the precise timing and extent of mid-Holocene ENSO variability changes in the Eastern Pacific; (iii) how atmospheric ENSO teleconnections may have changed; and (iv) the influence of seasonality and Pacific background state on ENSO activity.The broader impacts include the promise of developing unique sea-surface temperature error estimates that can be used in climate models and supporting graduate and graduate students involved in the research.