Workshop: A Workshop on Friction: A Grand Challenge at the Interface of Solid and Fluid Mechanics; Chamonix, France, March 13-14, 2008

摩擦的多尺度挑战，在固体-固体和固体-流体界面上跨学科出现，限制了工程界以确定性方式描述过程的能力。这笔赠款使得能够召开一次小型研讨会，在流体力学和固体力学社区之间启动在不同界面上研究这一问题的方法论的“交叉培养”，并解决统一分析技术的制定这一重大挑战。这一小组与会者将被选为包括流体力学(微流体、滑移、湍流边界层)、固体力学(摩擦、多尺度分析和材料物理)和动力系统的广泛和多样化的参与者。对摩擦的多重起源的更好的理解和建模构成了旨在减少人类发展和运输对环境影响的技术的重要组成部分。固体-固体界面的影响包括减少磨损、噪音、振动等，并在许多应用中提高传输效率。在流体流动和固体材料之间的界面上，这种加深的理解有可能取得进展，从减少湍流表面摩阻以提高车辆效率、改进模型和控制城市“粗糙”环境中大气风的污染物扩散，到提高对环境物理和气候现象(如冰原发展和冰川融化)的理解。对重大进展的需求对工程界提出了挑战，既要找到整合基本固体和流体力学原理的跨学科方法，又要开发主动控制技术，以最佳方式形成界面摩擦和整个系统响应之间的耦合。

The multi-scale challenges of friction, which arise across disciplines at solid-solid and solid-fluid interfaces, have limited the engineering community's ability to describe the process in a deterministic manner. This grant enables the convening of a small workshop to initiate a "cross-fertilization" of methodology between fluid and solid mechanics communities studying this problem at different interfaces and to tackle the grand challenge of the formulation of unified analysis techniques. The small group of attendees will be selected to include broad and diverse participation across the disciplines of fluid mechanics (microfluidics, slip, turbulent boundary layers), solid mechanics (friction, multiscale analysis and material physics) and dynamical systems.Improved understanding and modeling of the multiple origins of friction form a vital component of technologies aimed at reducing the environmental impact of human development and transportation. The implications for solid-solid interfaces include reduced wear, noise, vibration, etc. and increased transmission efficiency in many applications. At interfaces between fluid flow and solid materials this enhanced understanding holds potential for advances ranging from turbulent skin friction reduction for increased vehicle efficiency, improved models and control of pollutant dispersion by atmospheric winds in urban "rough" environments to advanced understanding of environmental physics and climate phenomena such as ice-field development and glacier melting. The need for significant progress challenges the engineering community both to find interdisciplinary approaches that integrate elements of fundamental solid and fluid mechanics and to develop active control techniques to shape the coupling between friction at the interface and the overall system response in optimal ways.