Collaborative Research: Ceramic Geography and the Social Formations of the Smoky Hill Phase, east-central Kansas

合作研究：陶瓷地理学和堪萨斯州中东部烟山阶段的​​社会形态

• 批准号: 0817810
• 负责人: Donna Roper
• 金额: $ 9.75万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0817810&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ceramic; Geography; Social

With National Science Foundation support, the researchers will analyze curated ceramic assemblages to investigate social formations of the Smoky Hill phase of the Central Plains tradition (CPt) of North America. The 18-month project will apply detailed ceramic style analysis and neutron activation analysis to problems of social organization and interaction, and will control chronology by radiocarbon dating 36 Smoky Hill phase sites in central and north-central Kansas. The late prehistoric period in the Central Plains (cal A.D. 1100?1350) featured an emerging farming economy, with attendant changes in technology, settlement, and social organization. The social organization is the least understood of these dimensions. The basic social unit was the economically autonomous household, but households by necessity were integrated into communities. This late prehistoric adaptation really has no historic analog in the region. The project's primary objective is to develop an empirically based model to map the late prehistoric social landscape and to delineate the individual communities formed among the people of the Smoky Hill phase. The team will use ceramic style analysis as a proxy measure of the community affiliation of individual households. The analysis will examine multiple dimensions of stylistic variation and will examine the geographical distribution of style groups. This analysis will be augmented with extensive radiocarbon dating using annual plant species to ensure that analyzed materials are contemporaneous with the associated component. Extensive neutron activation analysis (NAA) will allow the evaluation of interaction within and among communities by delineating chemical compositional groups and mapping their distribution. GIS will be a critical visual and analytical tool for mapping ceramic style groups and chemical compositional groups. The intellectual merits of the project are grounded in a break with the traditional ways of viewing late prehistoric social organization on the Central Plains and of lifeways on the Plains in general. Traditional ways have relied on historic analogies and have reified rather than truly exposed aspects of social organization. Contemporary theory and method, however, now allow social organization to be addressed empirically. The results of this research will be a baseline study of the organization of this underrepresented type of social formation from a geographical area that has also been largely underrepresented. The broader impacts of the study are that it will contribute to advances in theory, education, and outreach. The project supports theory concerning the effects of the transition to food production on social organization, including gender, as well as the chronology and structure of social change across the Central Plains. Undergraduate and graduate students will be educated and trained in the analysis of Smoky Hill phase material culture and the application of ceramic data and GIS tools to that analysis. By defining the community structure of twelfth through fourteenth century people on one part of the Central Plains, the result will be a better understanding of the social organization of early Plains farmers.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，研究人员将分析策划的陶瓷组合，以调查北美中原传统（CPt）的烟雾山阶段的社会形态。这个为期18个月的项目将应用详细的陶瓷风格分析和中子活化分析来解决社会组织和相互作用的问题，并将通过放射性碳测年法对堪萨斯中部和中北部的36个烟雾山阶段遗址进行年代学控制。中原地区的史前晚期（公元1100年？1350年）以新兴的农业经济为特色，伴随着技术，定居点和社会组织的变化。社会组织是这些维度中最不为人所知的。基本的社会单位是经济上独立的家庭，但家庭必须融入社区。这种史前晚期的适应性在该地区确实没有历史上的相似之处。该项目的主要目标是开发一个基于经验的模型，以绘制史前晚期的社会景观，并描绘出烟雾山阶段的人之间形成的个人社区。该小组将使用陶瓷风格分析作为衡量个体家庭社区归属的替代指标。该分析将研究风格变异的多个方面，并将研究风格群体的地理分布。这项分析将通过使用一年生植物物种进行广泛的放射性碳测年来加强，以确保分析的材料与相关成分是同期的。广泛的中子活化分析将能够通过划定化学成分组群和绘制其分布图来评价群落内部和群落之间的相互作用。地理信息系统将是一个重要的视觉和分析工具，映射陶瓷风格组和化学成分组。该项目的知识价值在于打破了传统的看待中原地区史前晚期社会组织和一般平原生活方式的方式。传统方式依赖于历史类比，并且具体化而不是真正暴露社会组织的各个方面。然而，当代的理论和方法现在允许社会组织以经验为基础。这项研究的结果将是一个基线研究的组织这种代表性不足的类型的社会形态，从一个地理区域，也一直在很大程度上代表性不足。这项研究的更广泛的影响是，它将有助于理论，教育和推广的进步。该项目支持有关向粮食生产过渡对社会组织的影响的理论，包括性别，以及整个中原地区社会变革的年表和结构。本科生和研究生将接受教育和培训，在烟雾山相物质文化的分析和陶瓷数据和GIS工具的应用，分析。通过对12 ~ 14世纪中原地区的一部分人的社区结构的界定，可以更好地理解早期平原农民的社会组织。