Collaborative Research: Law, Normative Discrimination, and the Caretaker Penalty

PI：雪莱·科雷尔和凯瑟琳·阿尔比斯顿标题：法律，规范歧视，和看守人的惩罚[00818734]；项目摘要本研究项目将考察法律保护休假者是否可以改变对职业母亲和休假者的负面规范性判断。使用康奈尔大学进行的实验程序，研究人员将比较受试者？对员工的评价？在法律禁止歧视和没有法律规定的情况下存档。主要假设是，保护休假者免受歧视的法律不仅会减少歧视结果，还会对这些工人产生更积极的评价。这项研究的结果将对理解法律是否可以改变行为和规范的信念系统做出重要贡献。研究结果还可以为学者们提供新的知识和信息，以了解雇主是否会在员工违反女性应该照顾家庭、男性应该养家糊口的刻板印象时惩罚他们。从理论上讲，该项目将收集新的数据来阐明是否存在规范性歧视——雇主歧视是因为他们认为母亲应该留在家里照顾孩子，父亲应该支持家庭？广泛的或偶然的这个项目提供了几个更广泛的好处。首先，确定有效的法律改革对工人和家庭的社会效益可能是巨大的；据估计，保姆偏见在母亲的职业生涯中给她们造成的损失高达100万美元。第二，该项目将给本科生和研究生进行实证研究的第一手经验。根据过去的经验，调查人员预计这些学生中多达一半将是女性和/或少数民族，这增加了这些学生从事科学事业的可能性。最后，这个项目不仅将在加州大学伯克利分校和康奈尔大学之间建立一个新的跨学科合作，而且还将与其他专注于工作和家庭问题的创新组织建立联系。

PI: Shelley Correll and Catherine AlbistonTitle: Law, Normative Discrimination, and the Caretaker PenaltySES-0818734; 0818659Project AbstractThis research project will examine whether laws protecting leave takers can change negative normative judgments about working mothers and leave takers. Using experimental procedures to be conducted at Cornell University, the investigators will compare subjects? evaluations of workers? files in situations where the law prohibits discrimination and situations in which no law is in place. The main hypothesis is that laws that protect leave takers from discrimination will not only reduce discriminatory outcomes but also produce more positive evaluations of these workers. The findings from this study will make important contributions to understanding whether laws can change both behavior and normative belief systems. Results could also provide scholars with new knowledge and information to understand whether employers will penalize workers when they defy stereotypes that women should be family caretakers and men should be family breadwinners. Theoretically, the project will collect new data to illuminate whether normative discrimination -- whereby employers discriminate because they believe that mothers should stay at home with their children and fathers should support the family ? is widespread or contingent. This project offers several broader benefits. First, the social benefits to workers and families of identifying effective legal reforms are potentially enormous; one estimate is that caretaker bias costs mothers as much as $1 million over the course of their careers. Second, the project will give both undergraduate and graduate students first-hand experience conducting empirical research. From past experience, the investigators expect that up to half of these students will be women and/or minorities, increasing the likelihood that these students will pursue scientific careers. Finally, this project will not only establish a new, interdisciplinary collaboration between UC Berkeley and Cornell, but will also reach out to other innovative organizations focused on work and family issues.