Collaborative Research: Law, Normative Discrimination, and the Caretaker Penalty

主要研究者：Shelley Correll和Catherine Albiston题目：法律、规范性歧视和看护人惩罚SES-0818734; 0818659项目摘要本研究项目将检验保护休假者的法律是否能改变对职业母亲和休假者的负面规范性判断。 使用康奈尔大学进行的实验程序，研究人员将比较受试者？工人的评价？在法律禁止歧视的情况下以及在没有法律的情况下，都可以归档。 主要假设是，保护休假者不受歧视的法律不仅会减少歧视性结果，而且会对这些工人产生更积极的评价。 这项研究的发现将对理解法律是否可以改变行为和规范信仰体系做出重要贡献。 研究结果还可以为学者提供新的知识和信息，以了解雇主是否会在工人无视妇女应该照顾家庭、男子应该养家糊口的陈规定型观念时惩罚他们。 从理论上讲，该项目将收集新的数据，以说明规范性歧视-即雇主歧视，因为他们认为母亲应该呆在家里陪孩子，父亲应该养家糊口？是普遍的或偶然的。 该项目提供了几个更广泛的好处。 首先，确定有效的法律的改革对工人和家庭的社会利益可能是巨大的;一项估计是，照顾者偏见在母亲的职业生涯中花费了多达100万美元。 其次，该项目将为本科生和研究生提供进行实证研究的第一手经验。 根据过去的经验，调查人员预计，这些学生中有多达一半将是女性和/或少数民族，这增加了这些学生从事科学事业的可能性。 最后，该项目不仅将在加州大学伯克利分校和康奈尔大学之间建立一个新的跨学科合作，而且还将接触其他专注于工作和家庭问题的创新组织。

PI: Shelley Correll and Catherine AlbistonTitle: Law, Normative Discrimination, and the Caretaker PenaltySES-0818734; 0818659Project AbstractThis research project will examine whether laws protecting leave takers can change negative normative judgments about working mothers and leave takers. Using experimental procedures to be conducted at Cornell University, the investigators will compare subjects? evaluations of workers? files in situations where the law prohibits discrimination and situations in which no law is in place. The main hypothesis is that laws that protect leave takers from discrimination will not only reduce discriminatory outcomes but also produce more positive evaluations of these workers. The findings from this study will make important contributions to understanding whether laws can change both behavior and normative belief systems. Results could also provide scholars with new knowledge and information to understand whether employers will penalize workers when they defy stereotypes that women should be family caretakers and men should be family breadwinners. Theoretically, the project will collect new data to illuminate whether normative discrimination -- whereby employers discriminate because they believe that mothers should stay at home with their children and fathers should support the family ? is widespread or contingent. This project offers several broader benefits. First, the social benefits to workers and families of identifying effective legal reforms are potentially enormous; one estimate is that caretaker bias costs mothers as much as $1 million over the course of their careers. Second, the project will give both undergraduate and graduate students first-hand experience conducting empirical research. From past experience, the investigators expect that up to half of these students will be women and/or minorities, increasing the likelihood that these students will pursue scientific careers. Finally, this project will not only establish a new, interdisciplinary collaboration between UC Berkeley and Cornell, but will also reach out to other innovative organizations focused on work and family issues.