Dissertation Research -- Animal Experiments in 17th Century Italy

论文研究——17世纪意大利的动物实验

• 批准号: 0822092
• 负责人: Mary Fissell
• 金额: $ 1.1万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0822092&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Animal; Experiments; 17th

Introduction: This project will investigate the relationship between the Medici court and the rise of a specific culture of animal experimentation. The time period will cover from 1654 (the year in which Leopoldo dei Medici founded the Accademia del Cimento) to 1694 (the year in which Francesco Redi, the most prominent naturalist at the Medici court, died). The seventeenth century is an important period for physiological research. With the publication of De motu cordis in 1628, William Harvey not only claimed the discovery of the circulation of blood, but also established a new experimental approach.Intellectual Merit: Questions concerning animal experimentation are and will continue to be pervasive in the contemporary research environment. One way to develop a deeper understanding of what's involved in these questions is to develop a well informed history of this mode of research. What will likely emerge from it are valuable historical lessons as to how the context of that research has dramatically changed over time. One consequence will be an enhanced ability to challenge the predominant twentieth century story of "lab animals" as important machines for human exploration, which clearly depends on a simplistic story of human/animal relationships described in terms of superiority and domination. An alternative view will be developed in the project that provides a deeper understanding of why we can describe animals as machines inside the laboratory; something happened in the history of the relationship between human and animals outside those rooms. In the project, animal experimentation is studied as a practice strongly related to the broader history of human-nonhuman relationships. By connecting the meaning and the role of the bodies of the researchers and the animal when they are inside and outside of the laboratory makes it is possible to understand the relationship between the experimental practices and the society in which these practices are born. Broader Impacts: The philosophical, social and religious categories used to discuss animal experimentation all have precise historical origins and only in recovering these roots we will be able not only to have a better understanding of the debate, but also to harmonize all these voices finding a new way to interact with the animals.Funds for this project were provided by a joint venture of the BIO and SBE directorates known as "Impacts of Biology on Society," which is administered via the STS program.

引言：这个项目将调查美第奇法院和一种特定的动物实验文化的兴起之间的关系。这段时间将从1654年(Leopoldo dei Medici成立Cimento学院的那一年)到1694年(Medici宫廷最著名的博物学家Francesco Redi去世的那一年)。17世纪是生理学研究的重要时期。1628年，威廉·哈维发表了《心脏的运动》，他不仅声称发现了血液循环，而且还建立了一种新的实验方法。智力上的价值：在当代的研究环境中，关于动物实验的问题现在和将来都将继续普遍存在。要更深入地理解这些问题所涉及的内容，一种方法是对这种研究模式发展一段见多识广的历史。它可能会带来宝贵的历史教训，说明这项研究的背景如何随着时间的推移发生了戏剧性的变化。一个结果将是，挑战20世纪占主导地位的“实验室动物”作为人类探索的重要机器的能力将得到增强，这显然依赖于一个简单的关于人/动物关系的故事，从优越性和支配性的角度进行描述。该项目将开发另一种观点，提供对为什么我们可以在实验室内将动物描述为机器的更深层次的理解；在这些房间之外，人与动物之间的关系的历史上发生了一些事情。在该项目中，动物实验被作为一种与人类与非人类关系的更广泛历史密切相关的实践来研究。通过将研究人员和动物的身体在实验室内外的意义和作用联系起来，可以理解实验实践与这些实践诞生的社会之间的关系。更广泛的影响：用于讨论动物实验的哲学、社会和宗教类别都有确切的历史渊源，只有恢复这些根源，我们才能更好地理解这场辩论，而且能够协调所有这些声音，找到一种与动物互动的新方式。该项目的资金由BIO和SBE董事的合资企业提供，该合资企业名为“生物学对社会的影响”，由STS计划管理。