The History of American Geographical Science

该项目旨在揭示美国地理思维和成就的形式和内容。1870年至1960年，追踪从主题到学科，然后到科学的过程。完成这项调查所需的迄今为止未知的数据来自十多个国家的123个档案馆。收集的材料是补充广泛的通信提供给调查员从地理学家与个人回忆发生了什么事在美国学术和政府的地理在这几十年。在本项目执行过程中，将对收集的近51 000份档案页进行分类和利用。地理学是美国最后一个没有出版历史记录和业绩的大学科。随着这项工作将出现新的见解有关地理学家的贡献，因为他们制定的假设和法律的多样性的问题：创新和批评促进了新的见解有关的方式，地理学家和地质学家，人类学家，人口学家，环保主义者，社会学家和其他人交流，或相互学习。例子包括地理学家的贡献，涉及农业的高平原，评估地峡（巴拿马）运河路线，相关的测绘和航空摄影方面的两次世界大战，保护事业，以及未来的算术领域。这项研究工作将提供一个新的综合地理知识，调解科学，历史和哲学。以这种方式，它为地理科学提供了一种不断发展的设计，展示了科学取得进步的多种方式，并提供了启动科学进步新序列的范式划分。这项研究几乎肯定会在地理学领域的科学进步中产生进一步的研究。它还将提供一个参考的价值，教师和学生的工作，与鲜为人知的档案来源，包括每个主要的档案存款的相关性提供的细节。

This project seeks to reveal the forms and content of geographic thinking and accomplishment in the United States c. 1870-1960, tracing the processes involved from subject matter to discipline and then to science. The hitherto unknown data needed to complete this investigation has been drawn from 123 archival collections located in more than a dozen countries. The material collected is complemented by extensive correspondence available to the investigator from geographers with personal recollections of what was happening in both American academic and governmental geography in those decades. A collection of nearly 51,000 archival sheets will be classified and utilized in the course of this project. Geography is the last remaining large field of learning in America that does not have a published history of its record and performance. With this work will come new insights concerning the contributions of geographers as they developed hypotheses and laws on a multiplicity of matters: innovation and criticism facilitated new insights concerning the ways in which geographers and geologists, anthropologists, demographers, conservationists, sociologists and others exchanged with, or learned from, each other. Examples include geographers' contributions to matters involving agriculture on the High Plains, evaluating the Isthmian (Panama) Canal Route, the relevance of mapping and aerial photography with regards to both World Wars, conservation undertakings, and the coming of numeracy to the field. This research effort will provide a new synthesis of geographic knowledge, mediating science, history, and philosophy. In that fashion it provides an evolving design for geographical science, demonstrates the multitudinous ways in which science makes its advances, and provides paradigmatic divides that initiate new sequences of scientific advance. This study will almost certainly generate further investigations in the scientific advance of the field of geography. It will also provide a work of reference of value to both faculty and students, with details provided on little known archival sources, including the relevance of each major archival deposit.