U.S. WELFARE ATTITUDES IN CROSS-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

从跨国角度看美国的福利态度

• 批准号: 0830917
• 负责人: Ernest Brooks
• 金额: $ 17.56万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0830917&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; WELFARE; ATTITUDES; CROSS; NATIONAL

[This proposal is part of a funded CRP from the EuroCORES HumVIB competition.]This project uses a new national survey with which to systematically measure American welfare attitudes in cross-national perspective. This research has two complementary goals. One is to field for the first time core items from the highly successful European Social Survey (ESS) to better enable comparisons between European nations and the United States. Cross-nationally standardized items are essential to survey measurement, and this project will build from the ESS data collection, extending measurement of welfare attitudes to the key case of the United States. The project's second thematic goal is to make use of an experimental design in which hypotheses about causal sources of welfare state attitudes can be adjudicated. Embedded survey experiments hold considerable promise in advancing scholarly understanding of attitude and preference formation. The dual focus of this project is on framing (in which the description of a social policy or its beneficiaries are varied) and sponsorship (in which the source of these descriptions are varied). Together, framing and sponsorship are essential elements of social and historical context that are typically held constant in opinion surveys. Building from the conventional social survey, the methodological benefit of survey experiments is to unpack these elements of context so that hypotheses about specific frames and competing sponsors can be evaluated. This project and data collection provides American and European scholars with a new survey with which to evaluate how and why social policy attitudes vary in the contemporary historical era. It provides for the principal investigator and larger European research team (of which this project is the United States component) the data with which to conduct survey based individual and multi-level analysis. Subsequent research projects are expected to offer novel explanations of why mass opinion on social welfare continues to differ across the worlds most developed nations. In fielding embedded survey experiments, this project offers new insights into mechanisms behind the formation of policy preferences. These experiments contribute to a firmer understanding of the United States in cross-national perspective. It is hoped that knowledge generated through these experiments may stimulate further applications of experimental surveys in cross-national research.

[该提案是EuroCORES HumVIB竞赛资助的CRP的一部分。本项目采用一项新的全国性调查，从跨国视角系统地衡量美国人对福利的态度。这项研究有两个互补的目标。其中之一是首次从非常成功的欧洲社会调查（ESS）中选取核心项目，以便更好地对欧洲国家和美国进行比较。跨国家标准化项目对调查测量至关重要，本项目将建立在ESS数据收集的基础上，将福利态度的测量扩展到美国的关键案例。该项目的第二个主题目标是利用一种实验设计，在这种设计中，关于福利国家态度的因果来源的假设可以被裁定。嵌入式调查实验在推进态度和偏好形成的学术理解方面具有相当大的前景。这个项目的双重重点是框架（其中对社会政策或其受益人的描述是多种多样的）和赞助（其中这些描述的来源是多种多样的）。框架和赞助是社会和历史背景的基本要素，在民意调查中通常是不变的。基于传统的社会调查，调查实验的方法学上的好处是解开这些背景元素，以便对特定框架和竞争赞助商的假设进行评估。这个项目和数据收集为美国和欧洲学者提供了一个新的调查，用来评估当代历史时期社会政策态度的变化方式和原因。它为主要研究者和更大的欧洲研究团队（该项目是美国部分）提供了进行基于个人调查和多层次分析的数据。接下来的研究项目有望提供新的解释，解释为什么在世界上最发达的国家，公众对社会福利的看法仍然不同。在实地进行嵌入式调查实验时，该项目为政策偏好形成背后的机制提供了新的见解。这些实验有助于从跨国的角度对美国有更牢固的认识。希望通过这些实验产生的知识可以促进实验调查在跨国研究中的进一步应用。