SGER: Fate and Transport of Carbon and sediments During a Mississippi River High Water Event

SGER：密西西比河高水位事件期间碳和沉积物的命运和运输

• 批准号: 0832754
• 负责人: Alexander Kolker
• 金额: $ 2.97万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-15 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0832754&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Fate; Transport; Carbon; sediments

This Small Grants for Exploratory Research (SGER) award will take advantage of the ~10-year peak-flow to occur in April, 2008, in the Mississippi River to gather direct measurements of carbon and sediment flux. In particular, this rare event provides an ideal opportunity to answer the following questions: 1) How is organic carbon of varying sources transported and processed by rivers? and 2) How do flooding rivers accumulate and distribute sediments to adjacent wetlands? A two stage sampling program (ship-based and land-based) will be employed to sample the suspended load, total organic carbon, bulk organic carbon age spectra,nutrients, and hydrology of the river during the peak-flow event. Hydro-acoustic techniques will be used to determine the velocity structure of the river in flood. Short-lived, naturally occurring radioisotopes(e.g. 7Be) will be used in combination with x-radiographs and classical sedimentology methods to quantify recent deposition. Long cores will be collected to ultimately compare these rates to long-term sedimentation histories.In light of the environmental destruction that occurred in the Mississippi River delta region in 2005, coupled with the region's vulnerability to current and future climate changes, this project tackles issues that are highly relevant to both society, to policy and decision makers, and to a broad spectrum of environmental and engineering scientists.

这项探索性研究（SGER）小额赠款奖将利用2008年4月密西西比河10年一遇的洪峰流量，收集碳和沉积物通量的直接测量数据。特别是，这一罕见的事件提供了一个理想的机会来回答以下问题：1）不同来源的有机碳是如何通过河流运输和加工的？洪水泛滥的河流是如何积聚沉积物并将其分配到邻近的湿地的？将采用两阶段采样方案（船基和陆基），在洪峰流量事件期间对河流的悬浮负荷、总有机碳、散装有机碳年龄谱、营养盐和水文进行采样。水声技术将用于确定洪水中河流的速度结构。短寿命的天然放射性同位素（如7Be）将与X射线照片和经典沉积学方法结合使用，以量化最近的沉积。将收集长岩心，最终将这些速率与长期沉积历史进行比较。鉴于2005年在密西西比河三角洲地区发生的环境破坏，加上该地区对当前和未来气候变化的脆弱性，该项目解决了与社会、政策制定者和决策者高度相关的问题，以及广泛的环境和工程科学家。