Evolution of the Land Plant Cell Wall: Functional Significance of Land Plant Polymers within the Charophycean Green Algae

陆生植物细胞壁的进化：轮藻类绿藻中陆生植物聚合物的功能意义

• 批准号: 0848071
• 负责人: Michael Gretz
• 金额: $ 12.5万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0848071&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Land; Plant; Cell; Wall

Michael R. Gretz and David S. DomozychIOS-0848071 Evolution of the Land Plant Cell Wall: Functional Significance of Land Plant Polymers within the Charophycean Green Algae The cell wall of land plants is an intricate network, constructed primarily of polysaccharides and proteins, that is intimately involved in the development of shape and form, and in essential functions such as maintenance of structural integrity, cell-cell communication, signal transduction, adhesion and physical/chemical defense. Land plants evolved approximately 470 million years ago from an ancestral pool of freshwater green algae known as the charophycean green algae (CGA). The overall goal of the project is to understand the function of CGA cell wall (CW) polymers critical to success of land plants, and to determine the evolutionary sequence that led to this result. The project will employ modern high-throughput glycomics methods, carbohydrate biochemistry, microscopy-based mapping of specific polymers, and examination of genetic data to determine commonalities between the CW of land plants and the CGA. The project will yield critical insight into the evolution of land plants from green algal ancestors, the evolution of CW polymers, and the role of specific CW polymers in the development of specific plant tissues. Delineation of the structure and function of CGA CW components will provide pivotal information necessary for understanding, and potentially modifying, land plant cell walls to facilitate biofuel production. The project will also contribute to identification of unique compounds and our overall understanding of the importance of CW components in agricultural crops, pharmaceuticals, food additives and other products. Student participants in this research will be afforded a unique perspective on international, cooperative, team-based scientific endeavors through interactions with the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. A dedicated outreach program to middle and elementary school students from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and Northeastern New York will attract a new generation of young people to careers in biology and educate the public as to the everyday significance of products derived from cell walls.

陆地植物细胞壁的进化：陆地植物聚合物在轮藻中的功能意义陆地植物的细胞壁是一个错综复杂的网络，主要由多糖和蛋白质组成，与形状和形态的发育密切相关，并参与维持结构完整性、细胞间通讯、信号转导、黏附和物理/化学防御等基本功能。陆地植物大约在4.7亿年前从被称为轮藻绿藻(CGA)的淡水绿藻祖先池进化而来。该项目的总体目标是了解对陆地植物的成功至关重要的CGA细胞壁(CW)聚合物的功能，并确定导致这一结果的进化序列。该项目将采用现代高通量糖组学方法、碳水化合物生物化学、基于显微镜的特定聚合物作图以及遗传数据检查，以确定陆地植物的CW和CGA之间的共性。该项目将对陆地植物从绿藻祖先进化、CW聚合物的进化以及特定CW聚合物在特定植物组织发育中的作用产生重要的见解。CGA CW组分的结构和功能的描绘将为理解和潜在地修改陆地植物细胞壁以促进生物燃料生产提供必要的关键信息。该项目还将有助于识别独特的化合物，并有助于我们全面了解农作物、药品、食品添加剂和其他产品中CW组分的重要性。这项研究的学生参与者将通过与丹麦哥本哈根大学的互动，获得关于国际、合作、基于团队的科学努力的独特视角。一项面向密歇根上半岛和纽约东北部中小学生的专门推广计划将吸引新一代年轻人投身生物学职业，并教育公众从细胞壁提取的产品对日常生活的意义。