International Research Fellowship Program: Investigations of the Semiochemicals in the Mating Sequence of the U.S.Invasive species Anoplophora Glabripennis and related Sub-Families

国际研究奖学金计划：美国入侵物种光肩星天牛及相关亚科交配序列中的化学信息素研究

• 批准号: 0904100
• 负责人: Jacob Wickham
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Wickham, Jacob D
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0904100&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Investigations

0904100WickhamThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).The International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four-month research fellowship by Dr. Jacob D. Wickham to work with Dr. Yi Chen at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China.This project involves an investigation of the semiochemicals involved in the mating sequence of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae), an invasive species in the U.S. that is native to China and kills several species of angiospermous trees. The specific focus is the identification of the long-range female pheromones, as well as investigations to broaden understanding of the roles of host volatiles, male produced pheromones, and contact cues (which encode information for sex recognition and trail pheromones). To gain a better understanding of the evolutionary patterns of pheromone use in Cerambycidae, the PI proposes research into the mating sequence of ALB and investigations of another lamiine species, a cerambycine, and one species from the more ancestral Prioninae. All species in the proposal are of ecological and economic concern in China, and ALB is a serious threat to forests in the USA with infestations in Chicago, IL, NYC, NJ, and Worchester, MA. Long range mate attraction has been documented in four genera of Cerambycinae (male produced), while female long range pheromones have been documented for one species of the more ancestral Prioninae, and two other genera in the Vesperidae (Cerambycoidea). For most insects that use pheromones, females attract the males. Consistent with this evolutionary pattern and my results to date, the PI expects that ALB females also use a long-range sex pheromone (although male pheromones also play a role). He conducted extensive laboratory investigations into the detection and identification of long-range, female pheromones and host tree attractants for ALB. This involves recording antennal signals of males using gas chromatography coupled with an electroantennographic detector (GC-EAD), followed by GC-MS identification, lab bioassay and field bioassay. His research will involve identification of the unknown unsaturated hydrocarbons, GC-EAD recordings of activated female extracts, laboratory bioassays using both activated and crude extracts, and field trapping with synthetic pheromone components. The expected results are that these new compounds have dual roles as precursors to volatile long-range female pheromone, and the compounds themselves encode more information regarding mating status (rather than sex recognition) for male ALB. The expected results from investigations of chemical ecology of other related species will show similar patterns of mate attraction and recognition.The study of the signaling mechanisms and mating sequence of ALB and a representative species from other subfamilies can broaden our knowledge of the basic biology of this large and important group of insects, of which only fragments of 0.2% of the world?s 35,000 species? chemical ecology is known. Furthermore, ALB poses a serious threat to the health and sustainability of North American forests, and long-range attractants would likely play a pivotal role in the successful eradication of this invasive forest insect. In New York City, over 100,000 trees have been treated with the systemic insecticide imidacloprid, which has been detected in groundwater on Long Island. IPM using attractants could limit insecticide use. The newly discovered infestation in Worchester, MA (August 2008) direly needs chemical attractants as a monitoring tool in the US government?s eradication program. In China, ALB is a serious pest of poplar and willow plantations, which are grown for energy biomass (potentially reducing coal consumption by 20-30%, and help combat global warming), and as windbreaks in China?s massive anti-desertification program.

0904100 Wickham该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，以及使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。威克姆与中国北京中国科学院的陈毅博士合作。该项目涉及调查亚洲天牛（Asian Longhorned Beetle，ALB）交配序列中的化学信息素。光肩星天牛（Anoplophora glabripennis，鞘翅目，天牛科，唇形科）是美国的一种入侵物种，原产于中国，杀死了几种被子植物。 具体的重点是远程女性信息素的识别，以及调查，以扩大了解主机挥发物，男性产生的信息素，和接触线索（编码信息的性别识别和跟踪信息素）的作用。 为了更好地了解Cerambyorae中信息素使用的进化模式，PI建议研究ALB的交配序列，并调查另一种lamiine物种，cerambycine和一种来自更古老的Prioninae的物种。 提案中的所有物种在中国都是生态和经济问题，ALB对美国的森林构成严重威胁，在伊利诺伊州的芝加哥、新泽西州的纽约市和马萨诸塞州的伍斯特市都有侵扰。 长距离的配偶吸引力已被记录在四个属的天牛（男性产生），而女性的长距离信息素已被记录的一个物种的祖先Prioninae，和其他两个属的Vesperidae（Cerambycoidea）。 对于大多数使用信息素的昆虫来说，雌性吸引雄性。与这种进化模式和我迄今为止的结果一致，PI预计ALB女性也使用长距离性信息素（尽管男性信息素也起作用）。 他进行了广泛的实验室研究，以检测和识别长距离，雌性信息素和宿主树引诱剂的ALB。这涉及到记录触角信号的男性使用气相色谱仪加上一个electronantennographic检测器（GC-EAD），其次是GC-MS识别，实验室生物测定和现场生物测定。 他的研究将涉及识别未知的不饱和烃，GC-EAD记录激活的女性提取物，实验室生物测定使用激活和粗提取物，并与合成信息素成分现场诱捕。预期的结果是，这些新化合物具有双重作用，作为挥发性长距离雌性信息素的前体，而这些化合物本身编码了更多关于交配状态的信息（而非性别认同）通过对雄性白背飞虱的化学生态学研究，预期其它相关物种也会显示出类似的配偶吸引和识别模式。来自其他亚科的代表性物种可以拓宽我们对这一庞大而重要的昆虫群体的基本生物学的知识，其中只有世界上0.2%的片段？有35,000个物种？化学生态学是已知的。 此外，ALB对北美森林的健康和可持续性构成严重威胁，而远程引诱剂可能在成功根除这种入侵森林昆虫方面发挥关键作用。 在纽约市，10万多棵树用系统性杀虫剂吡虫啉进行了处理，在长岛的地下水中发现了这种杀虫剂。 使用引诱剂的虫害综合防治可限制杀虫剂的使用。 新发现的虫害在伍斯特，马（2008年8月）迫切需要化学引诱剂作为监测工具，在美国政府？的根除计划。 在中国，白叶枯病是白杨和杨柳种植园的严重害虫，这些种植园是为了能源生物质（潜在地减少20- 30%的煤炭消耗，并有助于对抗全球变暖），并作为防风林在中国？大规模的防治荒漠化计划。