SFB 990: Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)

在许多热带地区，砍伐雨林是为了开发木材和其他森林产品，种植粮食、饲料、纤维和燃料作物。人们通常认为，当天然林被砍伐时，所有森林功能和服务都丧失了。然而，在许多情况下，完全保护是不现实的，从生态角度来看可能不需要。令人惊讶的是，迄今为止，科学研究很少注意到不同毁林模式的决定因素以及热带雨林转化系统在保护生物多样性以及生态和社会经济功能方面的作用。合作研究中心990（CRC 990 / EFForTS）的目的是提供科学知识，如何保护和加强热带森林和农业土地使用系统的生态功能，在景观规模，同时改善人类福利。该报告旨在提供关于如何将农业土地的使用和保护结合起来的信息。它在东南亚最大的热带低地雨林地区之一，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的詹比省实施。詹比最重要的农业土地使用系统包括橡胶和油棕榈种植园。在詹比内，选择了两个景观和24个核心地块，在CRC的第一和第二阶段进行详细分析，包括农业土地使用系统和森林参考地点。在第三阶段，另外选择了100块地块，通过快速评估工具测量生态系统特征，以便将结果扩大到景观一级。此外，在两个实验中，富集种植到油棕种植园以及不同强度的肥料和农药的使用的影响进行了研究。考虑的参数包括地上和地下生物多样性、土壤肥力、水、养分和温室气体通量，以及与雨林转换和后续土地使用变化有关的经济、社会、文化和政治方面。一个特别的重点是查明各种生态和社会经济功能之间的协同作用和权衡，了解这方面的知识是设计和执行更可持续的土地使用制度的一个重要先决条件。CRC是在哥廷根大学和印度尼西亚的合作伙伴机构之间的密切合作下组织的。这是一个独特的研究工作，对低地雨林转换的问题，具有广泛的跨学科的重点和景观的角度。

In many tropical areas, rainforests are cleared in order to exploit timber and other forest products and plant crops for food, feed, fibre and fuel use. Commonly it is assumed that, when natural forests are cleared, all forest functions and services are lost. However, complete conservation is not realistic in many settings and might not be required from an ecological perspective. Surprisingly, the determinants of different patterns of deforestation and the roles of converted systems of tropical rainforests for conserving biodiversity as well as for ecological and socioeconomic functions so far have received little attention in scientific research. The Collaborative Research Centre 990 (CRC 990 / EFForTS) aims at providing science-based knowledge on how to protect and enhance the ecological functions of tropical forests and agricultural land-use systems at a landscape scale, while improving human welfare. The CRC aims at providing information on how to integrate agricultural land use and conservation. It is implemented in one of the largest regions of tropical lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia, Jambi Province in Sumatra, Indonesia. The most important agricultural land-use systems in Jambi include rubber and oil palm plantations. Within Jambi, two landscapes and 24 core plots were selected for detailed analyses in Phases 1 and 2 of the CRC, covering agricultural land-use systems and forest reference sites. For Phase 3, 100 additional plots were selected on which ecosystem characteristics are measured by rapid assessment tools for scaling-up the results to the landscape level. Further, in two experiments the effects of enrichment planting into oil palm plantations as well as different intensities of fertilizer and pesticide use are investigated. The parameters considered include above and below ground biodiversity, soil fertility, water, nutrient and greenhouse gas fluxes, as well as economic, social, cultural and political aspects related to rainforest conversion and follow-up land-use changes. A particular focus is on identifying synergies and trade-offs among and between the various ecological and socioeconomic functions, knowledge of which is an important precondition for designing and implementing more sustainable land-use systems. The CRC is organized in close cooperation between the University of Göttingen and partner institutions in Indonesia. It is a unique research undertaking on issues of lowland rainforest conversion with a broad interdisciplinary focus and landscape perspective.