SFB 990: Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)

在许多热带地区，为了开采木材和其他森林产品以及种植粮食、饲料、纤维和燃料使用的作物，热带雨林被砍伐。一般认为，天然林被砍伐后，所有森林的功能和服务都丧失了。然而，在许多情况下，完全保护是不现实的，从生态学的角度来看，可能不需要。令人惊讶的是，到目前为止，在科学研究中很少注意到不同森林砍伐模式的决定因素以及热带雨林转换系统在保护生物多样性以及生态和社会经济功能方面的作用。第990合作研究中心（CRC 990 /努力）的目的是提供关于如何在景观范围内保护和加强热带森林和农业土地利用系统的生态功能，同时改善人类福利的科学知识。《公约》旨在提供有关如何整合农地使用与保育的资料。它在东南亚最大的热带低地雨林地区之一，印度尼西亚苏门答腊省占碑省实施。占碑最重要的农业土地利用系统包括橡胶和油棕种植园。在Jambi，在CRC的第1和第2阶段，选择了两个景观和24个核心地块进行详细分析，涵盖农业土地利用系统和森林参考地点。在第三阶段，选择了100个额外的样地，利用快速评估工具测量生态系统特征，并将结果扩大到景观水平。此外，在两个试验中，研究了油棕种植园的富集种植以及不同肥料和农药使用强度的效果。所考虑的参数包括地上和地下生物多样性、土壤肥力、水、养分和温室气体通量，以及与雨林转换和后续土地利用变化有关的经济、社会、文化和政治方面。一个特别的重点是确定各种生态和社会经济功能之间的协同作用和权衡，了解这些功能是设计和执行更可持续的土地利用系统的重要先决条件。儿童权利委员会是在Göttingen大学和印度尼西亚伙伴机构的密切合作下组织的。这是一项独特的低地雨林转换问题的研究，具有广泛的跨学科焦点和景观视角。

In many tropical areas, rainforests are cleared in order to exploit timber and other forest products and plant crops for food, feed, fibre and fuel use. Commonly it is assumed that, when natural forests are cleared, all forest functions and services are lost. However, complete conservation is not realistic in many settings and might not be required from an ecological perspective. Surprisingly, the determinants of different patterns of deforestation and the roles of converted systems of tropical rainforests for conserving biodiversity as well as for ecological and socioeconomic functions so far have received little attention in scientific research. The Collaborative Research Centre 990 (CRC 990 / EFForTS) aims at providing science-based knowledge on how to protect and enhance the ecological functions of tropical forests and agricultural land-use systems at a landscape scale, while improving human welfare. The CRC aims at providing information on how to integrate agricultural land use and conservation. It is implemented in one of the largest regions of tropical lowland rainforest in Southeast Asia, Jambi Province in Sumatra, Indonesia. The most important agricultural land-use systems in Jambi include rubber and oil palm plantations. Within Jambi, two landscapes and 24 core plots were selected for detailed analyses in Phases 1 and 2 of the CRC, covering agricultural land-use systems and forest reference sites. For Phase 3, 100 additional plots were selected on which ecosystem characteristics are measured by rapid assessment tools for scaling-up the results to the landscape level. Further, in two experiments the effects of enrichment planting into oil palm plantations as well as different intensities of fertilizer and pesticide use are investigated. The parameters considered include above and below ground biodiversity, soil fertility, water, nutrient and greenhouse gas fluxes, as well as economic, social, cultural and political aspects related to rainforest conversion and follow-up land-use changes. A particular focus is on identifying synergies and trade-offs among and between the various ecological and socioeconomic functions, knowledge of which is an important precondition for designing and implementing more sustainable land-use systems. The CRC is organized in close cooperation between the University of Göttingen and partner institutions in Indonesia. It is a unique research undertaking on issues of lowland rainforest conversion with a broad interdisciplinary focus and landscape perspective.