Indirect Excitons

****非技术摘要****该个人研究者奖支持一个项目，该项目旨在对半导体薄层结构的基本光学和电子特性进行实验研究。在十亿分之一米的长度尺度上，一种特殊的结构设计允许创造新的实体，称为间接激子。间接激子是独特的，因为它们可以冷却到超低温。此外，间接激子也很独特，因为它们可以像电子设备中的电子一样被电子控制，并且可以发出电子本身无法发出的光信号。该项目旨在增加我们对超冷间接激子物理学的理解。特别地，它将讨论间接激子的输运和光学性质。通过这项研究获得的理解可能会导致开发利用电子和光学性质的先进设备（即光电设备）的令人兴奋的可能性。参与该项目的学生将有机会对当代物理学的前沿进行探索性研究。该项目的潜在影响是发展凝聚态物理知识，增加对材料光学和电子特性的基本理解，以及发展材料控制。****技术摘要****该个人研究者奖支持一个项目，该项目旨在对耦合量子阱、半导体结构中间接激子的超冷气体进行实验研究。激子是复合玻色子。由于间接激子寿命长，冷却速度快，可以冷却到量子简并温度以下。此外，间接激子具有内置的偶极矩，其能量可以通过施加电压来控制。这允许通过电压模式创建间接激子的平面内电位分布。研究将包括激子通过各种电位分布的输运，以及激子模式的形成和超低温下的自发相干性。研究将由学生进行，并将与教育相结合。该项目的潜在影响是发展凝聚态物理知识，增加对材料的光学和电子现象的基本理解，以及发展材料控制。

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This individual investigator award supports a project directed towards experimental studies of fundamental optical and electronic properties of structures made of thin layers of semiconductors. A special design of the structures on a length scale of a billionth part of a meter allows the creation of new entities called indirect excitons. The indirect excitons are unique because they can be cooled down to ultralow temperatures. Furthermore, the indirect excitons are also unique because they can be electronically controlled like electrons in electronic devices and can shine optical signals that electrons cannot do by themselves. The project is directed towards increasing our understanding of the physics of ultracold indirect excitons. In particular it will address the transport and optical properties of the indirect excitons. The understanding gained through this research may lead to the exciting possibility of developing advanced devices that make use of electronic as well as optical properties, i.e. optoelectronic devices. The students involved with this project will have the opportunity to perform exploratory research on the cutting edge of contemporary physics. The potential impact of the project is in development of knowledge in condensed matter physics, increase of fundamental understanding of the optical and electronic properties of materials, and in development of materials control.****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****This individual investigator award supports a project directed towards experimental studies of ultracold gases of indirect excitons in coupled quantum well, semiconductor structures. Excitons are composite bosons. Due to their long lifetime and high cooling rate, the indirect excitons can be cooled below the temperature of quantum degeneracy. Furthermore, the indirect excitons have a built-in dipole moment and their energy can be controlled by an applied voltage. This allows creating in-plane potential profiles for indirect excitons by the voltage pattern. Studies will include exciton transport through various potential profiles and as well as exciton pattern formation and spontaneous coherence at ultralow temperatures. The research will be performed by students and will be integrated with education. The potential impact of the project is in development of knowledge in condensed matter physics, increase of fundamental understanding of the optical and electronic phenomena of materials, and in development of materials control.