Collaborative research: Estimating speciation/reticulation boundaries in asexual Alternaria: A genomics approach

该奖项由2009年《美国复苏和再投资法》(公法111-5)资助。了解物种如何形成(物种形成)是分类学和进化论领域的一个基本研究领域，也是比较生物学所有研究的基础。然而，目前大多数物种形成理论都是基于有性繁殖的有机体，对无性繁殖的无性生物体是如何发生这一过程的知之甚少。然而，许多生物群体，特别是真菌，包括无性血统，这似乎是生物多样性的共同和不可或缺的一部分。因此，了解无性真菌中的物种形成提供了一个极好的机会，可以在所有分类群中形成一个统一的物种形成概念。这个项目将研究无性真菌属交链孢属的物种形成，交链孢属是世界上最常见和最重要的真菌组之一。这些真菌在几乎每个生态系统中都是腐烂的关键因素，并导致许多重要的植物、动物和人类疾病。拟议研究的目标包括开发一个大型基因组数据库，包括两个生态上不同的物种组中的14个链格孢属物种，并制定物种识别和定界的量化标准。该提案将培养真菌学和生物信息学领域的研究生，这将有助于培养具有广泛计算背景的新一代生物学家。总体而言，预计该项目将成为有性和无性生物进化研究的新模式。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Understanding how species form (speciation) is a fundamental area of study in the fields of taxonomy and evolution, and is the basis of all studies in comparative biology. However, most current theories of speciation are based upon organisms that reproduce sexually, and little is known about how this process occurs in asexual organisms that reproduce clonally. Nevertheless, many groups of organisms, especially Fungi, encompass asexual lineages, which appear to be a common and integral part of biological diversity. Thus, understanding speciation in asexual fungi provides an excellent opportunity to develop a unifying concept of speciation across all taxa. This project will examine speciation in the asexual fungal genus Alternaria, one of the most common and important fungal groups world-wide. These fungi are critical agents of decay in nearly every ecosystem and cause a number of important plant, animal, and human diseases. Objectives of the proposed study include the development of a large genomic database encompassing 14 Alternaria species in two ecologically distinct species groups, and to develop criteria for quantitative species recognition and delimitation. The proposal will train graduate students in the field of mycology and bioinformatics, which will contribute to a new generation of biologists with broad computational background. Overall, it is expected that this project will serve as a new model for evolutionary research on both sexual and asexual organisms.