Collaborative Research: Spatial Analytical Framework for Examining Community Risk Issues over Space and Time

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。全国可见的案件被定罪的罪犯谁回落到犯罪活动后，他们释放到社区促使国家和联邦立法者和地方社区关注的公共安全风险所构成的罪犯和最适当的手段来处理这一独特的人口。 对已定罪罪犯的监督和管理是美国的一项主要政策考虑。 许多联邦和州的法规要求社区跟踪那些被判犯有某些罪行的人，在某些情况下，当他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，跟踪他们的一生。 地方司法管辖区还将联邦规定的这些要求扩展到被定罪的罪犯，颁布了越来越严厉的法令，禁止罪犯居住在某些地点的特定距离内，并实施了分散和饱和法规，限制居住在社区或当地的罪犯人数。 这一合作研究项目将：（1）为解决罪犯问题制定一个空间分析框架;（2）为适当使用和具体说明各种方法制定指导方针，以解决各种情况，包括推理和优化方法;（3）制定反映公共政策的优化模型，从而能够为替代政策情景评估空间影响;（4）制定评估罪犯居住地变更的时空方法;（5）解释调查结果，以更好地为公共政策和矫正实践提供立法影响、社区通知和罪犯重返社会方面的信息。 调查人员最初将专注于俄亥俄州汉密尔顿县的案例研究，致力于完善空间分析框架，以确定适当的方法，解决规范问题，开发新的方法，并提供公共政策和矫正方面的解释。该项目将开发一个空间分析框架和工具箱，用于解决被定罪的罪犯居住问题。 这将有助于获得新的和现有的探索性和验证性统计方法的组合，以及新的和现有的空间优化模型，可用于分析影响以及制定和评估与被定罪罪犯管理有关的公共政策。 空间分析框架和工具箱将能够对社会影响、集群和罪犯居住地移动进行时空分析和地理可视化，并提供审查居住地选择因素的能力。 为确定罪犯的时空移动以及与现有或拟议的管理罪犯的公共政策相关的突发事件而开发的建模技术将告知执法机构司法趋势，它们将提供地方和区域执行地理管理战略的空间和社会经济后果的经验证据。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Nationally visible cases of convicted criminals who lapsed back into criminal activity following their release into the community have prompted state and federal legislators and local communities to focus on the public safety risk posed by offenders and the most appropriate means of dealing with this unique population. The monitoring and management of convicted offenders is a major policy consideration in the United States. Many federal and state regulations mandate that communities track those individuals who have been convicted of certain crimes, in some cases for their entire lives as they move from one location to another. Local jurisdictions have also extended these federally mandated requirements for convicted offenders with increasingly punitive ordinances that ban offenders from living within a specified distance of certain locations and imposing dispersion and saturation statutes that limit the number of offenders living within a community or local area. This collaborative research project will (1) develop a spatial analytical framework for addressing offender issues; (2) establish guidelines for the appropriate use and specification of methods to address a range of contexts, including inference and optimization approaches; (3) develop optimization models reflecting public policy, thereby enabling spatial impacts to be evaluated for alternative policy scenarios; (4) develop space-time methods for assessing offender residency change; and (5) interpret findings to better inform public policy and corrections practices with respect to legislative implications, community notification, and offender reentry. The investigators initially will focus on a case study in Hamilton County, Ohio, working to refine a spatial analytical framework that will identify appropriate methods, address specification issues, develop new methods, and provide interpretation in terms of public policy and corrections.This project will develop a spatial analytical framework and toolbox for addressing convicted offender residency issues. This will facilitate access to a combination of new and existing exploratory and confirmatory statistical methods and to new and existing spatial optimization models that can be used for analyzing impacts as well as developing and evaluating public policy associated with the management of convicted offenders. The spatial analytical framework and toolbox will enable spatio-temporal analysis and geovisualization of social impacts, clustering, and offender residency movements as well as provide the capacity to examine residency choice factors. Modeling techniques developed to identify the spatio-temporal movements of offenders and the contingencies associated with existing or proposed public policies for managing offenders will inform law enforcement agencies of jurisdictional trends, and they will provide empirical evidence of the spatial and socioeconomic consequences of enforcing geographic management strategies both locally and regionally.