International Collaboration in Chemistry: Carbenes as Stabilizing and Activating Agents in Boron, Carbon and Phosphorus Chemistry

这个国际化学合作奖由无机，生物无机和有机化学计划和国际科学与工程办公室资助，支持加州大学滨江的Guy Bertrand教授开展关于稳定卡宾使用的基础/基础研究。 这些新的卡宾用于稳定高活性物质和活化稳定分子。 研究了卡宾稳定的单原子和双原子碳（0）化合物的合成。 这些化合物在生物学和合成化学中具有相当重要的意义。 使用卡宾活化P4并随后将有机片段添加到随后的高活性单原子和双原子磷物种的合成循环正在开发中。 实际上，使用白色磷但避免氯的方法是高度期望的，以满足在日益严格的环境法规下对磷衍生物的日益增长的需求。 卡宾诱导的含BNH聚合物的去低聚反应也在研究中。 氨硼烷作为燃料电池动力车辆的储氢材料的实际应用的最大技术障碍在于从脱氢过程中形成的聚合物中发现节能的再生途径。 Bertrand教授的德国合作者、Phillipps-Universitaet马尔堡的Gernot Frenking教授正在进行精确描述这些新化合物的计算。德国的这项工作得到了德国研究共同体（DFG）的单独支持。 该项目是在有机，无机和物理化学之间的接口，非常适合研究生同事的多学科教育。参与这项合作努力的美国和德国团体的研究生有机会通过三个月的互访学习计算和实验技术。该项目涉及对社会至关重要的几个问题，例如研究具有潜在生物应用的物质（对苯炔），散装化学品（磷衍生物）的环境友好合成，以及氢经济（氨硼烷）。

This International Collaborations in Chemistry award funded by the Inorganic, Bioinorganic, and Organometallic Chemistry Program and the Office of International Science and Engineering supports work by Professor Guy Bertrand of the University of California at Riverside to carry out fundamental/basic studies on the use of stable carbenes. These novel carbenes are used for stabilizing highly reactive species and for activating stable molecules. The synthesis of carbene-stabilized monoatomic and diatomic carbon(0) compounds is being investigated. These compounds are of considerable importance in biology and in synthetic chemistry. Synthetic cycles using carbenes to activate P4 and the subsequent addition of organic fragments to the ensuing highly reactive mono- and diatomic phosphorus species are being developed. Indeed, processes using white phosphorus, but avoiding chlorine, are highly desirable to meet the growing demand for phosphorus derivatives under increasingly stringent environmental regulations. The carbene-induced de-oligomerization of BNH containing polymers also under investigation. The greatest technical barrier for a practical application of ammonia borane as a hydrogen-storage material for fuel-cell-powered vehicles lies in the discovery of energy-efficient regeneration routes from the polymers that are formed in the dehydrogenation process. Calculations to accurately describe these novel compounds are being performed by Professor Bertrand's German collaborator, Professor Gernot Frenking of Phillipps-Universitaet Marburg. This German work is separatately supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). This project is at the interfaces between organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry and is well-suited for the multidisciplinary education of graduate coworkers. The graduate students of the U.S. and German groups involved in this collaborative effort have the opportunity to learn both computational and experimental techniques through reciprocal visits of three months. This project addresses several issues that are of critical importance for society, such as the study of substances with potential biological applications (para-benzynes), the environmentally friendly synthesis of bulk chemicals (phosphorus derivatives), and the hydrogen economy (ammoniaborane).