Collaborative research at the Lau ISS: integrating microbial diversity with geochemistry using heat and mass transport models

刘国际空间站的合作研究：利用热量和质量传输模型将微生物多样性与地球化学相结合

• 批准号: 0937392
• 负责人: Margaret Tivey
• 金额: $ 15.83万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0937392&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Lau; ISS; integrating

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Seafloor hHydrothermal vents that expel fluids with temperatures from ~2ºC to 400ºC, provide habitats for a diversity of microbes that subsist off geochemical fluxes from Earth's interior as opposed to making food from sunlight. Many vent micro-organisms feed off the energy from chemical disequilibria that results when reduced vent fluids interact and mix with oxic seawater on the seafloor. As a result hydrothermal vent chimneys form important and unusual habitats that sustain significant microbial diversity. This research combines microbial diversity data obtained in the field from vent deposits at the Ridge 2000, Lau Basin Integrated Study Site with computer calculations that represent the physical and geochemical environments from which the samples were taken. Both molecular finger printing data and a small subset of 454 (pyre) sequencing data (V6 region of the 16S reran gene) from hydrothermal chimney and flange deposits are combined with computer models of vent heat and mass transport to produce estimates of temperature gradients, pore fluid compositions, and local advection rates present in the chimneys and flanges. Measured exterior and interior vent chimney temperatures, mineral compositions and textures (including porosity) are used as constraints. The work helps improve our understanding of these unique and productive seafloor ecosystems. Broader impacts of the work include significant public outreach, student training, and support of two PIs whose gender is under-represented in the sciences.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。海底热液喷口喷出的液体温度从2摄氏度到400摄氏度不等，为各种微生物提供了栖息地，这些微生物依靠地球内部的地球化学通量生存，而不是从阳光中获取食物。许多喷口微生物以化学不平衡产生的能量为食，这种不平衡是由于还原的喷口流体与海底含氧海水相互作用和混合而产生的。因此，热液喷口烟囱形成了重要而不寻常的栖息地，维持着显著的微生物多样性。本研究结合了从Ridge 2000， Lau盆地综合研究站点的喷口沉积物中获得的微生物多样性数据和计算机计算，这些计算代表了取自样本的物理和地球化学环境。来自热液烟囱和法兰沉积物的分子指纹数据和454 （pyre）测序数据的一小部分（16S reran基因的V6区域）与喷口热量和质量传输的计算机模型相结合，得出了烟囱和法兰中存在的温度梯度、孔隙流体组成和局部平流率的估计。测量的外部和内部通风口温度、矿物成分和纹理（包括孔隙度）用作约束条件。这项工作有助于提高我们对这些独特而富有成效的海底生态系统的理解。这项工作的更广泛影响包括重要的公众宣传、学生培训以及对两名性别在科学领域代表性不足的pi的支持。