Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri

海洋酸化对南极海胆 Sterechinus Neumayeri 早期生活史阶段的影响

• 批准号: 0944201
• 负责人: Gretchen Hofmann
• 金额: $ 56.34万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944201&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effect; Ocean; Acidification; Early; Life

AbstractThe research examine the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the 'first responders' to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the 'Science on a Sphere' technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara.

摘要本研究考察了海洋酸化对南极沿海海域当代钙化动物——新海胆（Sterechinus neumayeri）胚胎和幼虫的影响。预计未来海洋酸化的影响将特别威胁到冷水、高纬度海域的钙化海洋生物，使这些生物的耐受性数据成为南极海洋生态系统研究的关键需要。由于其钙化坚硬部分的高镁（Mg）含量，棘皮动物特别容易受到海洋酸化的溶解压力，因为它们目前居住的海水几乎没有达到支持生物钙化的饱和水平。因此，冷水、高纬度物种的坚硬部分含镁量高，被认为是表层海洋化学变化的“第一反应者”。本提案中的研究将使用几个指标来检验当代海胆胚胎和幼虫对二氧化碳酸化海水的生理可塑性，以模拟IPCC模型和对南大洋未来酸化预测的分析所定义的情景。该研究还将调查与气候变化相关的两个趋同的压力源——二氧化碳驱动的海洋酸化和海洋变暖——的协同相互作用的生物学后果。具体而言，研究将(1)评估co2酸化海水对早期胚胎和幼虫发育的影响；(2)使用形态计量学，研究在高co2酸化海洋条件下幼虫内骨骼的变化；(3)使用DNA微阵列，分析参与生物矿化和其他重要生理过程的基因表达变化。(4)测量在海洋酸化条件下开发的成本和生理后果。该提案将支持本科生、研究生和博士后的培训。PI还将与加州大学圣巴巴拉分校Gevirtz教育研究生院合作，利用“球体上的科学”技术，将海洋酸化的生物效应与南大洋预计发生的化学变化联系起来。该展览将被安置在一个教育和公共宣传中心，即海洋科学教学外展中心（OCTOS），这是加州大学圣巴巴拉分校正在建设的一个最先进的新设施。