Collaborative Research: Modeling and Synthesis Study of a Natural Iron Fertilization site in the Southern Drake Passage

海洋通过生物泵将固定碳输出到深海，在封存二氧化碳方面发挥着关键作用。 迫切需要了解在全球变暖的背景下南大洋碳输出的系统性，因为该区域对气候变化的敏感性，已经表现为温度显著上升。 大量研究表明，铁供应是南大洋浮游植物生物量和生产力的主要控制因素。2004年2 - 3月和2006年7 - 8月的考察结果显示，在德雷克海峡南部，铁的自然施肥主要来自富铁陆架沃茨，而铁的限制性高营养低叶绿素（HNLC）的南极绕极流表层水（ASW），产生了一系列浮游植物水华。其余问题包括：在不同的HNLC ACC区，天然Fe是如何通过小-中-大尺度水平-垂直输运和混合向真光层输运的？ 浮游生物群落结构如何演变，以响应自然铁此外，铁的形态如何响应生态地球化学过程，以及铁是如何再循环，以确定浮游植物水华的寿命？ 颗粒有机碳的输出是如何作为上升流-混合、铁添加-再循环和细菌-浮游生物结构的函数而演变的？ 该综合提案将利用一个独特的数据集来解决这些基本问题，该数据集将2004年至2006年期间收集的多年物理、铁和地球化学数据相结合，这些数据来自于2次NSF资助的铁施肥实验巡航和3次南极海洋生物资源（AMLR）巡航，这些巡航是通过与AMLR计划和美国南大洋GLOBEC项目的科学家合作在德雷克海峡南部和斯科舍海西南部进行的。 参与本研究的所有研究人员都从事研究生和本科生教学，并指导博士后研究人员。 每个私家侦探我们将在课堂、习题集和小组项目中纳入所提出的综合报告的关键要素。 该项目包括支持在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所召开一次为期4-5天的关于自然铁施肥的国际研讨会。来自英国、法国和德国的科学家将参加研讨会，他们已经进行了天然铁施肥试验，韩国和中国的科学家将计划进行天然铁施肥试验。将特别鼓励研究生和博士后学者的参与。研究结果将发表在《深海研究II》特刊上。

The ocean plays a critical role in sequestering CO2 by exporting fixed carbon to the deep ocean through the biological pump. There is a pressing need to understand the systematics of carbon export in the Southern Ocean in the context of global warming because of the sensitivity of this region to climate change, already manifested as significant temperature increases. Numerous studies have indicated that Fe supply is a primary control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Southern Ocean. The results from previous cruises in Feb-Mar 2004 and Jul-Aug 2006 have revealed the major natural Fe fertilization from Fe-rich shelf waters to the Fe-limited high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) Antarctic Circumpolar Current Surface Water (ASW) in the southern Drake Passage, producing a series of phytoplankton blooms. Remaining questions include: How is natural Fe transported to the euphotic zone through small-meso-large scale horizontal-vertical transport and mixing in different HNLC ACC areas? How does plankton community structure evolve in response to a natural Fe addition, how does Fe speciation respond to biogeochemical processes, and how is Fe recycled to determine the longevity of phytoplankton blooms? How does the export of POC evolve as a function of upwelling-mixing, Fe addition-recycling and bacteria-plankton structure? This synthesis proposal will address these fundamental questions using a unique dataset combining multiyear physical, Fe and biogeochemical data collected between 2004 and 2006 from 2 NSF-funded Fe fertilization experiment cruises and 3 Antarctic Marine Living Resource (AMLR) cruises in the southern Drake Passage and southwestern Scotia Sea through collaboration with scientists in the AMLR program and US Southern Ocean GLOBEC projects. All investigators involved in this study are engaged in graduate and undergraduate instruction, and mentoring of postdoctoral researchers. Each P.I. will incorporate key elements of the proposed syntheses in our lectures, problem sets and group projects. The project includes support to convene a 4-5 day international workshop on natural Fe fertilization at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The workshop will include scientists from United Kingdom, France and Germany who have conducted natural Fe fertilization experiments, and Korea and China who are planning to conduct natural Fe fertilization experiments. The participation of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars will be especially encouraged. The results will be published in a Deep-Sea Research II special issue.