From Stereotype Threat to Stereotype Threats: Testing a Multi-Threat Framework

从刻板印象威胁到刻板印象威胁：测试多威胁框架

• 批准号: 0956321
• 负责人: Jenessa Shapiro
• 金额: $ 41.35万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0956321&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Stereotype; Threat; Threats; Testing; Multi

This research project builds upon recent advances in stereotype threat research by investigating a Multi-Threat Framework that distinguishes between different forms of stereotype threat. Situational aspects of academic and organizational environments, such as filling out demographic information immediately before taking a test, being the only woman in an engineering firm, or being the only racial minority in an upper division course at an elite university, can make salient negative stereotypes that elicit a cascade of distracting thoughts and concerns. Stereotype threat research reveals that these concerns ultimately create disparities in cognition, motivation, and performance in stereotype-relevant tasks and fields. This work focuses on the psychological experience of stereotype threat and helps to explain why women, racial/ethnic minorities, and other commonly stereotyped groups are under-represented in many fields. The proposed experiments will test the differentiability of the stereotype threats, drawing from well-established cognitive tasks and traditional stereotype threat paradigms. The first set of experiments explores the different stereotype threats that emerge in different situations. The second set of experiments explores the different stereotype threats that are likely to emerge between and within negatively stereotyped groups. The third set of experiments will employ the Multi-Threat Framework to test interventions designed to reduce the different forms of stereotype threat. Ultimately, this research can enhance our knowledge of who is at risk for stereotype threat, when they are at risk, why they are at risk, and how to reduce that risk. In addition, given that the topic of stereotype threat is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, this research will facilitate hands-on research training as well as conference participation and publications.

本研究项目建立在刻板印象威胁研究的最新进展基础上，通过调查一个区分不同形式刻板印象威胁的多威胁框架。学术和组织环境的情境方面，例如在考试前立即填写人口统计信息，成为工程公司中唯一的女性，或者成为精英大学高年级课程中唯一的少数族裔，都可能产生明显的负面刻板印象，引发一连串分散注意力的想法和担忧。刻板印象威胁研究表明，这些担忧最终会在认知、动机和刻板印象相关任务和领域的表现上造成差异。这项工作侧重于刻板印象威胁的心理体验，并有助于解释为什么女性、种族/少数民族和其他常见的刻板印象群体在许多领域的代表性不足。本实验将从已有的认知任务和传统刻板印象威胁范式出发，检验刻板印象威胁的可区分性。第一组实验探讨了在不同情况下出现的不同刻板印象威胁。第二组实验探讨了不同的刻板印象威胁，这些威胁可能在负面刻板印象群体之间和内部出现。第三组实验将采用多威胁框架来测试旨在减少不同形式刻板印象威胁的干预措施。最终，这项研究可以增强我们对哪些人有刻板印象威胁的风险，何时有风险，为什么有风险，以及如何降低风险的认识。此外，鉴于刻板印象威胁的主题是本科生和研究生感兴趣的，本研究将促进实践研究培训，以及会议参与和出版物。