A History of Behavioral Genetics

这一奖项将使PI能够完成一本书的研究，这本书将提供行为遗传学的一般历史，重点是从1960年到2005年。该学科将专注于人类研究，并将涉及经典的定量方法以及自90年代初以来发展起来的分子方法。历史将涵盖该学科的概念和智力发展，以及显著的社会层面。它将包括该领域中四个特别重要的主题领域：智商和精神功能、个性和气质遗传学、精神病理学(包括精神分裂症、抑郁症、阿尔茨海默氏症和自闭症)和攻击性(冲动问题/犯罪)研究。这一时期(1960-2005年)在该领域发表的主要文章将被重新审查，并插入档案研究的结果，以及对行为遗传学的主要贡献者和次要贡献者以及行为遗传学批评者的50次访谈的结果。正在进行的计划是将50次采访的录音和文字记录保存在美国哲学学会，供其他学者查阅，以供未来的项目使用。行为遗传学既引起了公众的强烈兴趣，也引起了社会的担忧，这是基于早先在绝育计划和大屠杀中滥用假定的行为基因特征，以及关于智商和种族的激烈辩论。尽管自20世纪60年代以来有了重大的科学发展，但没有书面的通史。批判性和包容性的历史可以为理解遗传、环境和基因-环境相互作用对人类特征的影响的复杂性提供一个框架。开发的材料已经并将继续在PI和其他人的课程和文章中进行测试，并将提交给广泛阅读的流行期刊。该协会将继续与各组织和专业协会密切合作，为社会政策的使用提供历史背景资料。行为遗传学所采用的方法的多样性，应该有助于揭示科学哲学中正在进行的关于科学方法的统一性和多样性的辩论。

This award will enable the PI to complete research for a book that will provide a general history of behavioral genetics focusing on the period from 1960 to 2005. The PI will focus on human studies, and will deal with classical quantitative methods as well as the molecular methods developed since the early 1990s.The history will cover conceptual and intellectual developments, as well as salient social dimensions of the discipline. It will include four topical areas of special importance in the field: IQ and mental functioning, personality and temperament genetics, psychopathology (including schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's Disease, and autism), and aggression (impulse problem/criminality) studies. The major articles published in the field in this time period (1960-2005) will be re-reviewed, and intercalated with the results of archival studies and of fifty interviews with both major and minor contributors to behavioral genetics and critics of behavioral genetics. Ongoing plans are for the recordings and transcripts from the 50 interviews to be deposited at the American Philosophical Society for other scholars to access for future projects. Behavioral genetics generates both intense public interest as well as social concerns, based on earlier abuse of putative behavioral genetic traits in sterilization programs and in the Holocaust, as well as intense debates about IQ and race. In spite of major scientific developments since the 1960s, there is no written general history. A critical and inclusive history can provide a framework for understanding the complexities of genetic, environmental, and gene-environmental interplay contributions to human traits. Materials developed have and will continue to be tested in the PI's and others' courses and articles will be submitted to widely read popular journals. The PI will continue to work closely with various organizations and professional societies to make available historical background materials for social policy utilization. The diversity of the methods employed in behavioral genetics should shed light on the ongoing debate in philosophy of science about unity and diversity of methods in science.