A History of Behavioral Genetics

行为遗传学史

• 批准号: 0958270
• 负责人: Kenneth Schaffner
• 金额: $ 19.85万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-15 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0958270&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: History; Behavioral; Genetics

This award will enable the PI to complete research for a book that will provide a general history of behavioral genetics focusing on the period from 1960 to 2005. The PI will focus on human studies, and will deal with classical quantitative methods as well as the molecular methods developed since the early 1990s.The history will cover conceptual and intellectual developments, as well as salient social dimensions of the discipline. It will include four topical areas of special importance in the field: IQ and mental functioning, personality and temperament genetics, psychopathology (including schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's Disease, and autism), and aggression (impulse problem/criminality) studies. The major articles published in the field in this time period (1960-2005) will be re-reviewed, and intercalated with the results of archival studies and of fifty interviews with both major and minor contributors to behavioral genetics and critics of behavioral genetics. Ongoing plans are for the recordings and transcripts from the 50 interviews to be deposited at the American Philosophical Society for other scholars to access for future projects. Behavioral genetics generates both intense public interest as well as social concerns, based on earlier abuse of putative behavioral genetic traits in sterilization programs and in the Holocaust, as well as intense debates about IQ and race. In spite of major scientific developments since the 1960s, there is no written general history. A critical and inclusive history can provide a framework for understanding the complexities of genetic, environmental, and gene-environmental interplay contributions to human traits. Materials developed have and will continue to be tested in the PI's and others' courses and articles will be submitted to widely read popular journals. The PI will continue to work closely with various organizations and professional societies to make available historical background materials for social policy utilization. The diversity of the methods employed in behavioral genetics should shed light on the ongoing debate in philosophy of science about unity and diversity of methods in science.

该奖项将使 PI 能够完成一本书的研究，该书将提供 1960 年至 2005 年期间行为遗传学的一般历史。PI 将重点关注人类研究，并将涉及经典定量方法以及自 20 世纪 90 年代初以来发展的分子方法。该历史将涵盖概念和智力发展，以及该学科的显着社会维度。它将包括该领域特别重要的四个主题领域：智商和心理功能、人格和气质遗传学、精神病理学（包括精神分裂症、抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病和自闭症）以及攻击性（冲动问题/犯罪）研究。这一时期（1960-2005）该领域发表的主要文章将被重新审查，并插入档案研究的结果以及对行为遗传学的主要和次要贡献者以及行为遗传学批评家的五十次采访的结果。目前的计划是将 50 次采访的录音和笔录存放在美国哲学会，以供其他学者在未来的项目中使用。基于早期在绝育计划和大屠杀中滥用假定的行为遗传特征，以及关于智商和种族的激烈辩论，行为遗传学既引起了公众的强烈兴趣，也引起了社会关注。尽管自 20 世纪 60 年代以来科学取得了重大发展，但还没有成文的通史。批判性和包容性的历史可以为理解遗传、环境以及基因与环境相互作用对人类特征的贡献的复杂性提供一个框架。开发的材料已经并将继续在 PI 和其他人的课程中进行测试，文章将提交给广泛阅读的流行期刊。课题负责人将继续与各组织和专业学会密切合作，为社会政策的运用提供历史背景材料。行为遗传学中采用的方法的多样性应该有助于阐明科学哲学中关于科学方法的统一性和多样性的持续争论。