A History of Behavioral Genetics

行为遗传学史

• 批准号: 0958270
• 负责人: Kenneth Schaffner
• 金额: $ 19.85万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-15 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0958270&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: History; Behavioral; Genetics

This award will enable the PI to complete research for a book that will provide a general history of behavioral genetics focusing on the period from 1960 to 2005. The PI will focus on human studies, and will deal with classical quantitative methods as well as the molecular methods developed since the early 1990s.The history will cover conceptual and intellectual developments, as well as salient social dimensions of the discipline. It will include four topical areas of special importance in the field: IQ and mental functioning, personality and temperament genetics, psychopathology (including schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's Disease, and autism), and aggression (impulse problem/criminality) studies. The major articles published in the field in this time period (1960-2005) will be re-reviewed, and intercalated with the results of archival studies and of fifty interviews with both major and minor contributors to behavioral genetics and critics of behavioral genetics. Ongoing plans are for the recordings and transcripts from the 50 interviews to be deposited at the American Philosophical Society for other scholars to access for future projects. Behavioral genetics generates both intense public interest as well as social concerns, based on earlier abuse of putative behavioral genetic traits in sterilization programs and in the Holocaust, as well as intense debates about IQ and race. In spite of major scientific developments since the 1960s, there is no written general history. A critical and inclusive history can provide a framework for understanding the complexities of genetic, environmental, and gene-environmental interplay contributions to human traits. Materials developed have and will continue to be tested in the PI's and others' courses and articles will be submitted to widely read popular journals. The PI will continue to work closely with various organizations and professional societies to make available historical background materials for social policy utilization. The diversity of the methods employed in behavioral genetics should shed light on the ongoing debate in philosophy of science about unity and diversity of methods in science.

该奖项将使PI能够完成一本书的研究，这本书将提供一个行为遗传学的一般历史，重点是从1960年到2005年。PI将重点关注人类研究，并将涉及经典的定量方法以及自20世纪90年代初以来发展的分子方法。历史将涵盖概念和智力发展，以及该学科的突出社会维度。它将包括该领域特别重要的四个主题领域：智商和心理功能，个性和气质遗传学，精神病理学（包括精神分裂症，抑郁症，阿尔茨海默病和自闭症）和侵略（冲动问题/犯罪）研究。在这段时间（1960-2005年）在该领域发表的主要文章将重新审查，并插入档案研究的结果和50次采访的主要和次要贡献者行为遗传学和行为遗传学的批评。正在进行的计划是将50次采访的录音和文字记录存放在美国哲学学会，供其他学者在未来的项目中使用。行为遗传学产生了强烈的公众兴趣和社会关注，基于早期在绝育计划和大屠杀中对假定的行为遗传特征的滥用，以及关于智商和种族的激烈辩论。尽管自20世纪60年代以来科学取得了重大进展，但没有书面通史。一个批判性和包容性的历史可以提供一个框架，了解遗传，环境和基因-环境相互作用对人类特征的贡献的复杂性。编写的材料已经并将继续在PI和其他人的课程中进行测试，文章将提交给广泛阅读的流行期刊。公共政策研究所将继续与各种组织和专业协会密切合作，提供历史背景材料供社会政策使用。行为遗传学中所采用的方法的多样性，应该有助于解释科学哲学中关于科学方法的统一性和多样性的争论。