Race, Poverty, and Science in Mexico and the United States, 1930-1970

墨西哥和美国的种族、贫困和科学，1930 年至 1970 年

• 批准号: 0959921
• 负责人: Karin Rosemblatt
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0959921&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Race; Poverty; Science; Mexico; United

This research analyzes a set of interconnected social science projects that examined the nature of racial difference, its salience, and its relation to poverty in Mexico and the United States, 1930-1970. The research tracks the scientists, mainly anthropologists, who carried out the research projects and explores the methods they used to categorize individuals and groups. It also ask how research agendas were shaped by the government and private agencies that funded the projects. My research sheds light on the internationalization of science and on the differing ways scholars conceptualized the relation of race-based policies to class.The project charts the relations between scientists across national borders, their access to resources, and their ability to shape research agendas. It shows that knowledge travelled from South to North as well as from North to South, and reveals the unacknowledged creativity with which Latin American intellectuals appropriated and adapted ideas. Yet differences in power between North and South often led U.S. scholars to view Latin American social science as derivative. The research contributes to scholarship on race by examining whether scientists conceived of race as biological or cultural; what they identified as its bodily and mental manifestations; whether they saw racial differences as superficial or deeply engrained in individual essences; and whether they saw it as shaped primarily by socialization or economic structures. When was race was invoked by scholars? To what ends were racial categorizations put? And how did definitions of race or class change in distinct national contexts and over time? The research is grounded in reading of key texts and in archival research to track the institutional and personal networks of scholars. It will use secondary sources to identify the social science literatures on which prominent authors drew. Secondary works, published papers, and archival collections will help establish previously unknown connections among scholars and the role of institutional connections and funding on research.

这项研究分析了一系列相互联系的社会科学项目，这些项目研究了种族差异的性质，其显着性以及与墨西哥和美国的贫困关系，1930- 1970年。该研究跟踪了科学家，主要是人类学家，他们进行了研究项目，并探讨了他们用来对个人和群体进行分类的方法。它还询问研究议程是如何由资助这些项目的政府和私人机构塑造的。我的研究阐明了科学的国际化以及学者的不同方式概念化了基于种族的政策与班级的关系。项目将各个国家边界的科学家之间的关系图表列出了他们的资源的访问以及他们塑造研究议程的能力。它表明，知识从南到北到南到南方，并揭示了拉丁美洲知识分子所使用和适应思想的未经认可的创造力。然而，北方和南方之间的权力差异经常导致美国学者将拉丁美洲的社会科学视为衍生物。这项研究通过研究科学家是否认为种族为生物学还是文化，为种族奖学金做出了贡献。他们确定的身体和心理表现；他们是将种族差异视为肤浅的还是深深的基于个体本质；以及他们是否将其视为主要是由社会化或经济结构塑造的。何时被学者援引比赛？种族分类是什么目的？种族或阶级的定义如何在不同的国家环境和随着时间的流逝中变化？这项研究基于阅读关键文本和档案研究，以跟踪学者的机构和个人网络。它将使用次要来源来确定著名作者绘制的社会科学文献。二级作品，已发表的论文和档案收藏将有助于建立学者之间以前未知的联系以及机构联系和资金在研究中的作用。