International Research Fellowship Program: Reproductive Morphology and Anatomy, and Molecular Phylogeny of the Aquifoliales

国际研究奖学金计划：冬青叶目的生殖形态学和解剖学以及分子系统发育

• 批准号: 0965022
• 负责人: Melanie Schori
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: Schori Melanie
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0965022&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Reproductive

The International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad. This award will support an eleven-month research fellowship by Dr. Melanie Schori to work with Dr. Paula Rudall at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew in the United Kingdom. Reproductive morphology, anatomy, and development provide insights into relationships among genera as well as among major lineages of plants. The order Aquifoliales has recently been shown to be basal to Asterales, Apiales, and Dipsacales. Aquifoliales contains five families, including the hollies, and certain members exhibit unusual floral and fruiting diversity. Representatives of each genus are being examined to assess differences in floral embryology, development, and fruit anatomy. Reproductive characters are being mapped onto a three-gene phylogeny so characters can be examined in a phylogenetic context to determine character polarities and patterns of evolution within the Aquifoliales. DNA data have significantly changed the current understanding of plant relationships, but molecular data are not always sufficient to resolve finer-scale relationships. Understanding relationships is crucial for applications from species identification and conservation to plant breeding. Structure and development, especially of reproductive features, tend to be conserved and provide valuable information about patterns of evolution. However, the reproductive anatomy and development of most plants have not been studied. Researchers are returning to anatomical studies to answer questions about relationships. The research funded by this project will answer questions about relationships and unique flower and fruit types in the hollies and their relatives. In addition, its valuable data will be used by researchers studying flower and fruit diversity and evolution in related economically important groups like the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and the carrot family (Apiaceae).

国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9至24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，以及使用国外独特或互补的设施，专业知识和实验条件。 该奖项将支持Melanie Schori博士与Paula Rudall博士在联合王国基尤的皇家植物园进行为期11个月的研究。 生殖形态学、解剖学和发育提供了对属间关系以及植物主要谱系之间关系的见解。Aquifoliales目最近被证明是紫菀目，伞形目和川续断目的基础。Aquifoliales包含五个家庭，包括冬青，和某些成员表现出不寻常的花和果实的多样性。每个属的代表正在审查，以评估在花胚胎学，发育和果实解剖学的差异。生殖字符被映射到一个三基因的系统发育，使字符可以在系统发育的背景下进行检查，以确定字符极性和Aquifoliales内的进化模式。 DNA数据已经显著改变了目前对植物关系的理解，但分子数据并不总是足以解决更细尺度的关系。了解关系对于从物种鉴定和保护到植物育种的应用至关重要。结构和发育，特别是生殖特征，往往是保守的，并提供有关进化模式的有价值的信息。然而，大多数植物的生殖解剖和发育尚未得到研究。研究人员正在回到解剖学研究来回答有关关系的问题。由该项目资助的研究将回答有关冬青及其亲属的关系和独特的花和果实类型的问题。此外，其宝贵的数据将用于研究相关经济重要群体（如向日葵科（菊科）和胡萝卜科（伞形科））的花卉和水果多样性和进化的研究人员。