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Dissertation Research: The evolution of self-incompatibility loci in the invasive ascidian genus, Ciona

论文研究：入侵性海鞘属海鞘自交不亲和基因座的进化

基本信息

批准号：
1011725
负责人：
Richard Grosberg
金额：
$ 1.49万
依托单位：
University of California-Davis
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-05-01 至 2013-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1011725&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research evolution self incompatibility

项目摘要

Studies of animal fertilization proteins have focused on species with separate sexes, in which self-fertilization, or selfing, cannot occur. In hermaphrodites it is unclear how an animal avoids fertilizing its own eggs with its own sperm, in other words, how it achieves self-incompatibility. The goal of this proposal is to characterize the evolutionary forces that govern genetic variation in self-incompatibility genes in the invasive ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Understanding self-incompatibility has profound implications for understanding mate recognition in general. The self-incompatibility (SI) loci in C. intestinalis are the first definitive SI loci to be characterized in animals. This research will be among the first to elucidate how animals have responded to the challenges of avoiding inbreeding, and balancing fitness from male and female gametes. This research will also build upon an extensive body of work on the role of mate availability as an evolutionary force in marine systems. Invasive species cost the U.S. about $120 billion/year and have devastating effects on ecosystem diversity. Ciona contributes to these costs by contaminating aquaculture projects, fouling boats, and outcompeting native species. Evidence from invasive plants suggests that changes in the prevalence of selfing may facilitate invasion success. Identification of selfing genotypes could reveal populations with greater potential for invasion and range expansion.

动物受精蛋白的研究主要集中在具有不同性别的物种，其中不能发生自花受精或自交。在雌雄同体动物中，还不清楚动物是如何避免自己的卵子与自己的精子交配的，换句话说，它是如何达到自交不亲和的。这项建议的目标是描述控制入侵海鞘，玻璃海鞘自交不亲和基因遗传变异的进化力量。理解自交不亲和性对于理解一般的配偶识别具有深远的意义。自交不亲和性（SI）基因座的分析表明：基因座是动物中第一个确定的SI基因座。这项研究将是第一个阐明动物如何应对避免近亲繁殖和平衡雄性和雌性配子健康的挑战的研究。这项研究还将建立在一个广泛的工作机构的作用，配偶的可用性作为一个进化的力量在海洋系统。入侵物种每年给美国造成约1200亿美元的损失，并对生态系统多样性产生破坏性影响。玻璃海鞘通过污染水产养殖项目、污染船只和击败本地物种来增加这些成本。来自入侵植物的证据表明，自交流行率的变化可能有助于入侵的成功。自交基因型的鉴定可以揭示具有更大入侵和范围扩展潜力的种群。