Scholar's Award: Chinese/American Scientists: Transnational Science during the Cold War and Beyond

学者奖：中国/美国科学家：冷战及其后的跨国科学

• 批准号: 1026879
• 负责人: Zuoyue Wang
• 金额: $ 23.66万
• 依托单位: Cal Poly Pomona Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1026879&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Scholar; Award; Chinese; American; Scientists

IntroductionThis project seeks to understand the transnational history of "Chinese-American scientists" including both those who returned to China (where many of them became leaders in the Chinese scientific, nuclear, and space programs), and those who stayed in the US (where they became scientific leaders and played crucial roles in US-China scientific exchanges). The focal point is the period that begins in 1949 with the Chinese Communist takeover of mainland China, which drove the ruling Nationalists to Taiwan. The event left about five thousand Chinese students and scholars, mostly in the sciences and engineering, "stranded" in the United States. Eventually about one thousand of them returned to China by the end of the 1950s while the rest stayed in the US, with profound but so far relatively unexplored impact on science in both countries and on Sino-American scientific interactions during the Cold War and beyond.Intellectual MeritThis study, which is based on archival research and oral history interviews, will serve to address key questions in the history of science such as: What were the extent and limits of the so-called "Americanization" of international science in the postwar period? How was the Americanizing influence in turn connected with the transnationalization of the American scientific community itself, as exemplified by the presence of tens of thousands of Chinese American scientists and engineers?Potential Broader ImpactsWith the rise of China as an economic and scientific power, and with the emergence of global problems such as climate change that require the scientific collaboration between the US and China, it is more critical than ever to understand fully the making of the scientific enterprise in modern China. Furthermore, as the US relies more and more on immigrant scientists, a systematic study of Chinese-American scientists will also help us better understand the American scientific enterprise and help inform the making of American national and international science policy.

本项目旨在了解“华裔美国科学家”的跨国历史，包括那些回到中国的人（其中许多人成为中国科学，核和太空计划的领导者），以及那些留在美国的人（他们成为科学领导者并在美中科学交流中发挥关键作用）。焦点是1949年开始的中国共产党接管中国大陆的时期，这将执政的国民党赶至台湾。这一事件使大约5000名中国学生和学者“滞留”在美国，其中大部分是科学和工程专业的学生和学者。到20世纪50年代末，大约有1000人回到了中国，其余的人留在了美国，这对两国的科学以及冷战期间和以后的中美科学互动产生了深远但迄今为止相对未被探索的影响。知识价值本研究基于档案研究和口述历史访谈，将有助于解决科学史上的关键问题，如：什么是所谓的“美国化”的国际科学在战后时期的程度和限制？ 美国化的影响又是如何与美国科学界本身的跨国化联系在一起的，正如成千上万的华裔美国科学家和工程师的存在所证明的那样？潜在的更广泛的影响随着中国作为一个经济和科学大国的崛起，以及气候变化等全球性问题的出现，需要美国和中国之间的科学合作，全面了解现代中国科学事业的发展比以往任何时候都更加重要。 此外，随着美国越来越依赖移民科学家，对华裔科学家的系统研究也有助于我们更好地了解美国的科学事业，并有助于为美国国家和国际科学政策的制定提供信息。