RAPID: Collaborative Research: Off-shore coseismic effects of the Port au Prince earthquake, Haiti

RAPID：合作研究：海地太子港地震的近海同震效应

• 批准号: 1028001
• 负责人: Sean Gulick
• 金额: $ 4.1万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028001&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Off; shore

In the aftermath of the catastrophic M7 earthquake in Haiti there is an urgent need to record aftershocks and capture ephemeral data that will help to assess both short term (immediate) and long term earthquake risk in the region. Reliable models of strain accumulation and seismogenic release along the fault zone are urgently needed. A U.S. team is already on the ground, installing additional seismometers and GPS stations and mapping features associated with the earthquake, and a French team is preparing to deploy a suite of ocean bottom seismometers offshore. The January 12 mainshock ruptured a relatively small segment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGF), the southern of two parallel E-W sinistral transforms accommodating most of the motion between the North America and Caribbean plates. The EPGF follows the core of the southern peninsula and is associated with several large historic earthquakes, but its pre-1700?s paleoseismicity is unknown. A number of NW-SE faults and folds intersect the EPGF and may also be active. Many of these structures are unmapped, especially offshore, including a possible one in the Baie de Port au Prince. This survey of the offshore portion of the main rupture and of some of the secondary structures associated with it along the southern peninsula and the Baie de Port au Prince will complement those efforts by documenting the near surface effects of the earthquake offshore and characterizing the seismogenic structures. The survey will include shallow water (300 m) multibeam mapping, with coincident and targeted sidescan sonar, and chirp (0.5-12 kHz) sonar profiles, and spot coring. The principal broader impact of this study is its very high and immediate societal relevance.

在海地灾难性的7级地震之后，迫切需要记录余震并捕获短暂的数据，这将有助于评估该地区的短期（即时）和长期地震风险。我们迫切需要一个可靠的断裂带应变积累和孕震释放沿着模型。一个美国小组已经在地面上安装了额外的地震仪和GPS站，并绘制了与地震相关的地图，一个法国小组正准备在海上部署一套海底地震仪。1月12日的主震破坏了Enriquillo-Plantain Garden断层带（EPGF）的一个相对较小的部分，该断层带位于两个平行的东西向左行转换带的南部，容纳了北美和加勒比海板块之间的大部分运动。EPGF遵循南部半岛的核心，并与几个大的历史地震，但其前1700？的古地震活动是未知的。一些NW-SE断层和褶皱与EPGF相交，也可能是活动的。其中许多结构未在地图上标出，特别是在近海，包括可能在Baie de Port Au Prince的一个结构。这次对主要断裂的近海部分以及沿着南部半岛和Au湾与之有关的一些次级结构的调查将通过记录近海地震的近地表影响和确定发震结构的特征来补充这些努力。调查将包括浅水（300米）多波束测绘，使用重合和有针对性的侧扫声纳和线性调频（0.5-12千赫）声纳剖面，以及现场取芯。这项研究的主要广泛影响是其非常高和直接的社会相关性。