Data Communications Support for GPS Observations of Crustal Deformation Associated with the 2010 Chile Earthquake

1036939 meertens这份快速响应研究（Rapid）拨款将支持安装和建立混合模式地球静止卫星（国际海事卫星组织广泛全球区域服务- BGAN）、低地球轨道卫星（铱星）和蜂窝数据通信解决方案的初始一年成本，用于地球科学研究计划，Rapid支持的连续运行GPS站（CGPS）将安装在智利和阿根廷，以响应2月27日的美国海军陆战队和海军陆战队。2010年智利马莱8.8级大地震。该通信解决方案将允许每天下载15秒的位置观测数据，并从智利和阿根廷计划的25个站点连续GPS网络中传输1hz的观测数据，覆盖近100,000平方公里的孔径，包括太平洋板块海洋岛屿上的站点（鲁滨逊克鲁索、塞尔柯克和圣菲利克斯群岛）。20个GPS站将有BGAN上行链路，1个将有铱星上行链路，4个将依靠蜂窝调制解调器和县内蜂窝服务提供商。鉴于目前智利蜂窝通信在Maule地震和剧烈余震之后不可靠，提议的解决办法应保证向联安援助团GPS数据档案提供可靠的实时数据，所有观测数据将通过网络立即免费提供。与Maule俯冲有关的大地震发生在纳斯卡和南美构造板块的交界处，震中位于1960年5月发生的9.5级地震的震源区以北约230公里处，这是世界上有记录以来最大的地震。Maule特大地震瞬间释放使其成为有记录以来最大的五大地震之一。余震序列（美国地质调查局NEIC已经报告了大约300次余震）和震后地壳变形肯定是活跃和巨大的。充分捕捉地壳和上地幔对这次地震的弹性和粘弹性变形响应的特征，有望对地壳和上地幔的流变行为产生前所未有的见解。在此之前，从来没有观测到如此震级的地震，而该响应后GPS网络的空间和时间分辨率和保真度都达到了计划的水平。来自该GPS网络的实时高保真数据将为减轻未来地震及相关海啸和滑坡灾害提供重要贡献。美国和智利地球科学家之间的密切合作支持为公众利益而开展的国际科学合作。收集的数据还将允许对智利地籍参考系进行修正，该参考系因与此事件相关的米尺度运动而严重扭曲。解决房地产问题。最后，NSF的支持将得到业界的支持，GPS制造商Trimble将捐赠至少6个以上的CGPS站，作为NSF资助的努力的结果

1036939MeertensThis Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support installation and initial one year costs of the establishment of a mixed mode geostationary satellite (Inmarsat Broad Global Area Service - BGAN), low Earth orbiting satellite (IRIDIUM), and cellular data communications solution for Division of Earth Sciences research program, RAPID-supported, continuously operated GPS stations (CGPS) to be installed in Chile and Argentina in response to the February 27, 2010 M 8.8 Maule mega-earthquake in Chile. The communications solution will allow for daily downloads of 15 second position observations and short burst transmission of 1 Hz observations for up to 10 events from a planned 25 station continuous GPS network covering an aperture of nearly 100,000 km2 in Chile and Argentina, including stations on ocean islands on the Pacific Plate (Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, and San Felix Islands). Twenty GPS stations will have BGAN uplinks, one will have an IRIDIUM uplink and four will rely on cellular modems and in-county cellular service providers. Given the current unreliability of Chilean cellular communications following the Maule earthquake and vibrant aftershock sequence, the proposed solution should guarantee robust real-time data return to the UNAVCO GPS Data Archive, through which all observational data will be made immediately and freely available via the web. The Maule subduction related mega-earthquake occurred at the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates with an epicenter about 230 km north of the source region of the magnitude 9.5 earthquake of May, 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded worldwide. The Maule mega-quake moment release places it in the top five largest earthquakes ever recorded. The aftershock sequence (some 300 aftershocks have already been reported by USGS NEIC) and post-seismic crustal deformation are certain to be active and large. Fully capturing the signature of the elastic and viscoelastic deformation response of the crust and the upper mantle to this earthquake promises to yield unprecedented insights into the rheological behavior of the crust and upper mantle. Never before has an earthquake of this magnitude been observed with the planned spatial and temporal resolution and fidelity planned for this post-response GPS network. Real-time high fidelity data from this GPS network will provide important contributions to mitigating future earthquake and related tsunami and landslide hazards. Close cooperation between U.S. and Chilean geoscientists supports international scientific cooperation in the public interest. The data collected will also allow for corrections to the Chilean cadastral reference frame, which was substantially distorted by the meter-scale motions associated with this event. Real property issues will be addressed. Finally, NSF support will be leveraged by industry support as GPS manufacturer Trimble will donate at least 6 more CGPS stations to this effort as a result of the NSF-funded effort.***