Data Communications Support for GPS Observations of Crustal Deformation Associated with the 2010 Chile Earthquake

这笔快速反应研究拨款(RAPID)将用于资助安装一颗混合模式地球静止卫星(Inmarsat Bide Global Area Service-BGAN)、低地球轨道卫星(Iridium)和地球科学部蜂窝数据通信解决方案的安装和初始一年费用，这些卫星将安装在智利和阿根廷，以应对2010年2月27日智利8.8级毛勒特大地震。该通信解决方案将允许每天从智利和阿根廷，包括太平洋板块海洋岛屿(鲁滨逊克鲁索、塞尔柯克和圣费利克斯群岛)上的一个覆盖近100 000平方公里口径的规划中的25站连续GPS网络下载最多10个事件的15秒位置观测和1赫兹短脉冲传输观测。20个GPS站将有BGAN上行链路，1个站将有Iridium上行链路，4个站将依靠蜂窝调制解调器和县内蜂窝服务提供商。鉴于智利在毛勒地震和强烈余震后蜂窝通信目前的不可靠性，拟议的解决方案应能保证将可靠的实时数据返回联阿援助团全球定位系统数据档案库，通过该档案库，所有观测数据将立即通过网络免费提供。与Maule俯冲有关的巨震发生在纳斯卡和南美构造板块的交界处，震中位于1960年5月9.5级地震震源区以北约230公里处，这是世界上有记录以来最大的地震。莫勒大地震时刻的发布使其跻身有记录以来最大的五次地震之列。余震序列(美国地质勘探局NEIC已经报道了约300次余震)和震后地壳形变肯定是活跃的和大的。充分捕捉到地壳和上地幔对这次地震的弹性和粘弹性变形响应的特征，有望对地壳和上地幔的流变行为产生前所未有的洞察。在此之前，从未观测到如此规模的地震，其空间和时间分辨率和保真度都达到了这个响应后GPS网络的计划。来自该GPS网络的实时高保真数据将为减轻未来的地震以及相关的海啸和山体滑坡灾害作出重要贡献。美国和智利地球科学家之间的密切合作为公共利益的国际科学合作提供了支持。收集的数据还将对智利地籍参照系进行校正，该参照系因与这一事件有关的米级运动而严重扭曲。房地产问题将得到解决。最后，NSF的支持将得到业界的支持，因为GPS制造商Trimble将至少再捐赠6个CGPS站，作为NSF资助的努力的结果。

1036939MeertensThis Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support installation and initial one year costs of the establishment of a mixed mode geostationary satellite (Inmarsat Broad Global Area Service - BGAN), low Earth orbiting satellite (IRIDIUM), and cellular data communications solution for Division of Earth Sciences research program, RAPID-supported, continuously operated GPS stations (CGPS) to be installed in Chile and Argentina in response to the February 27, 2010 M 8.8 Maule mega-earthquake in Chile. The communications solution will allow for daily downloads of 15 second position observations and short burst transmission of 1 Hz observations for up to 10 events from a planned 25 station continuous GPS network covering an aperture of nearly 100,000 km2 in Chile and Argentina, including stations on ocean islands on the Pacific Plate (Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, and San Felix Islands). Twenty GPS stations will have BGAN uplinks, one will have an IRIDIUM uplink and four will rely on cellular modems and in-county cellular service providers. Given the current unreliability of Chilean cellular communications following the Maule earthquake and vibrant aftershock sequence, the proposed solution should guarantee robust real-time data return to the UNAVCO GPS Data Archive, through which all observational data will be made immediately and freely available via the web. The Maule subduction related mega-earthquake occurred at the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates with an epicenter about 230 km north of the source region of the magnitude 9.5 earthquake of May, 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded worldwide. The Maule mega-quake moment release places it in the top five largest earthquakes ever recorded. The aftershock sequence (some 300 aftershocks have already been reported by USGS NEIC) and post-seismic crustal deformation are certain to be active and large. Fully capturing the signature of the elastic and viscoelastic deformation response of the crust and the upper mantle to this earthquake promises to yield unprecedented insights into the rheological behavior of the crust and upper mantle. Never before has an earthquake of this magnitude been observed with the planned spatial and temporal resolution and fidelity planned for this post-response GPS network. Real-time high fidelity data from this GPS network will provide important contributions to mitigating future earthquake and related tsunami and landslide hazards. Close cooperation between U.S. and Chilean geoscientists supports international scientific cooperation in the public interest. The data collected will also allow for corrections to the Chilean cadastral reference frame, which was substantially distorted by the meter-scale motions associated with this event. Real property issues will be addressed. Finally, NSF support will be leveraged by industry support as GPS manufacturer Trimble will donate at least 6 more CGPS stations to this effort as a result of the NSF-funded effort.***