Data Communications Support for GPS Observations of Crustal Deformation Associated with the 2010 Chile Earthquake

1036939Meertens 这项快速响应研究拨款 (RAPID) 将支持安装混合模式对地静止卫星（国际海事卫星组织广泛的全球区域服务 - BGAN）、近地轨道卫星 (IRIDIUM) 和地球科学研究计划的蜂窝数据通信解决方案，以及将在智利和阿根廷安装的由 RAPID 支持的连续运行 GPS 站 (CGPS)，以响应 2010 年 2 月 27 日的安装和初始一年费用智利发生里氏8.8级马乌莱特大地震。 该通信解决方案将允许每天下载 15 秒的位置观测数据，并短时突发传输最多 10 个事件的 1 Hz 观测数据，该网络计划由 25 个站点连续 GPS 网络覆盖，覆盖智利和阿根廷近 100,000 平方公里的孔径，包括太平洋板块海洋岛屿上的站点（鲁宾逊克鲁索岛、塞尔柯克岛和圣菲利克斯群岛）。 20 个 GPS 站将拥有 BGAN 上行链路，1 个将拥有 IRIDIUM 上行链路，4 个将依赖蜂窝调制解调器和县内蜂窝服务提供商。 鉴于目前智利蜂窝通信在马乌莱地震和余震序列之后的不可靠性，拟议的解决方案应保证可靠的实时数据返回到 UNAVCO GPS 数据档案，通过该档案，所有观测数据将通过网络立即免费提供。 与马乌莱俯冲有关的特大地震发生在纳斯卡和南美板块之间的边界处，震中位于 1960 年 5 月发生的 9.5 级地震的震源区以北约 230 公里处，这是全球有记录以来最大的地震。 马乌莱特大地震时刻的发布使其跻身有记录以来最大的五名地震之列。余震序列（USGS NEIC 已报告约 300 次余震）和震后地壳变形肯定是活跃且巨大的。 充分捕捉地壳和上地幔对这次地震的弹性和粘弹性变形响应的特征有望对地壳和上地幔的流变行为产生前所未有的见解。 在此响应后 GPS 网络中，从未以计划的空间和时间分辨率以及保真度观测到如此震级的地震。 来自该 GPS 网络的实时高保真数据将为减轻未来的地震以及相关的海啸和山体滑坡灾害做出重要贡献。 美国和智利地球科学家之间的密切合作支持符合公共利益的国际科学合作。 收集到的数据还将允许对智利地籍参考系进行修正，该参考系因与该事件相关的米级运动而严重扭曲。 房地产问题将得到解决。 最后，NSF 的支持将得到行业支持，因为 GPS 制造商 Trimble 将再捐赠至少 6 个 CGPS 站来支持 NSF 资助的这项工作。***

1036939MeertensThis Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support installation and initial one year costs of the establishment of a mixed mode geostationary satellite (Inmarsat Broad Global Area Service - BGAN), low Earth orbiting satellite (IRIDIUM), and cellular data communications solution for Division of Earth Sciences research program, RAPID-supported, continuously operated GPS stations (CGPS) to be installed in Chile and Argentina in response to the February 27, 2010 M 8.8 Maule mega-earthquake in Chile. The communications solution will allow for daily downloads of 15 second position observations and short burst transmission of 1 Hz observations for up to 10 events from a planned 25 station continuous GPS network covering an aperture of nearly 100,000 km2 in Chile and Argentina, including stations on ocean islands on the Pacific Plate (Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, and San Felix Islands). Twenty GPS stations will have BGAN uplinks, one will have an IRIDIUM uplink and four will rely on cellular modems and in-county cellular service providers. Given the current unreliability of Chilean cellular communications following the Maule earthquake and vibrant aftershock sequence, the proposed solution should guarantee robust real-time data return to the UNAVCO GPS Data Archive, through which all observational data will be made immediately and freely available via the web. The Maule subduction related mega-earthquake occurred at the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates with an epicenter about 230 km north of the source region of the magnitude 9.5 earthquake of May, 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded worldwide. The Maule mega-quake moment release places it in the top five largest earthquakes ever recorded. The aftershock sequence (some 300 aftershocks have already been reported by USGS NEIC) and post-seismic crustal deformation are certain to be active and large. Fully capturing the signature of the elastic and viscoelastic deformation response of the crust and the upper mantle to this earthquake promises to yield unprecedented insights into the rheological behavior of the crust and upper mantle. Never before has an earthquake of this magnitude been observed with the planned spatial and temporal resolution and fidelity planned for this post-response GPS network. Real-time high fidelity data from this GPS network will provide important contributions to mitigating future earthquake and related tsunami and landslide hazards. Close cooperation between U.S. and Chilean geoscientists supports international scientific cooperation in the public interest. The data collected will also allow for corrections to the Chilean cadastral reference frame, which was substantially distorted by the meter-scale motions associated with this event. Real property issues will be addressed. Finally, NSF support will be leveraged by industry support as GPS manufacturer Trimble will donate at least 6 more CGPS stations to this effort as a result of the NSF-funded effort.***