Data Communications Support for GPS Observations of Crustal Deformation Associated with the 2010 Chile Earthquake

1036939 Meertens快速反应研究（RAPID）拨款将支持建立混合模式地球静止卫星的安装和最初一年的费用（国际海事卫星组织全球广域服务- BGAN），低地球轨道卫星（IRIDIUM），和地球科学研究计划部的蜂窝数据通信解决方案，RAPID支持，2010年2月27日智利马乌莱8.8级大地震后，将在智利和阿根廷安装连续运行的GPS站（CGPS）。 通信解决方案将允许从计划中的25个台站连续全球定位系统网络，包括太平洋板块上的海洋岛屿（罗宾逊克鲁索、塞尔柯克和圣费利克斯群岛）上的台站，每天下载15秒的位置观测值，并以1赫兹的短脉冲串传输最多10个事件的观测值。 20个全球定位系统站将有BGAN上行链路，1个将有IRIDIUM上行链路，4个将依赖蜂窝调制解调器和县内蜂窝服务提供商。 鉴于目前智利在马乌莱地震和一系列剧烈余震之后的移动通信不可靠，拟议的解决办法应能保证向联合国志愿人员办事处全球定位系统数据档案库返回可靠的实时数据，通过该档案库，所有观测数据将立即通过网络免费提供。 与马乌莱俯冲有关的特大地震发生在纳斯卡和南美洲构造板块之间的边界，震中位于1960年5月9.5级地震的震源区以北约230公里处，这是世界上有记录以来最大的地震。 马乌莱大地震时刻的发布使其成为有史以来最大的五次地震。余震序列（USGS NEIC已经报告了大约300次余震）和震后地壳变形肯定是活跃和巨大的。 充分捕捉到的弹性和粘弹性变形的地壳和上地幔的响应，这一地震的签名有望产生前所未有的洞察地壳和上地幔的流变行为。 以前从来没有一个如此规模的地震被观察到的计划空间和时间分辨率和保真度计划为这个后响应的全球定位系统网络。 来自这一全球定位系统网络的实时高保真数据将为减轻今后的地震和相关海啸及滑坡灾害作出重要贡献。 美国和智利地球科学家之间的密切合作支持了符合公共利益的国际科学合作。 收集到的数据还将用于修正智利地籍参考框架，该参考框架因与这一事件有关的米级运动而严重扭曲。 真实的财产问题将得到解决。 最后，NSF的支持将通过行业支持来发挥杠杆作用，因为GPS制造商特林布尔将捐赠至少6个以上的CGPS站，作为NSF资助的努力的结果。

1036939MeertensThis Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support installation and initial one year costs of the establishment of a mixed mode geostationary satellite (Inmarsat Broad Global Area Service - BGAN), low Earth orbiting satellite (IRIDIUM), and cellular data communications solution for Division of Earth Sciences research program, RAPID-supported, continuously operated GPS stations (CGPS) to be installed in Chile and Argentina in response to the February 27, 2010 M 8.8 Maule mega-earthquake in Chile. The communications solution will allow for daily downloads of 15 second position observations and short burst transmission of 1 Hz observations for up to 10 events from a planned 25 station continuous GPS network covering an aperture of nearly 100,000 km2 in Chile and Argentina, including stations on ocean islands on the Pacific Plate (Robinson Crusoe, Selkirk, and San Felix Islands). Twenty GPS stations will have BGAN uplinks, one will have an IRIDIUM uplink and four will rely on cellular modems and in-county cellular service providers. Given the current unreliability of Chilean cellular communications following the Maule earthquake and vibrant aftershock sequence, the proposed solution should guarantee robust real-time data return to the UNAVCO GPS Data Archive, through which all observational data will be made immediately and freely available via the web. The Maule subduction related mega-earthquake occurred at the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates with an epicenter about 230 km north of the source region of the magnitude 9.5 earthquake of May, 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded worldwide. The Maule mega-quake moment release places it in the top five largest earthquakes ever recorded. The aftershock sequence (some 300 aftershocks have already been reported by USGS NEIC) and post-seismic crustal deformation are certain to be active and large. Fully capturing the signature of the elastic and viscoelastic deformation response of the crust and the upper mantle to this earthquake promises to yield unprecedented insights into the rheological behavior of the crust and upper mantle. Never before has an earthquake of this magnitude been observed with the planned spatial and temporal resolution and fidelity planned for this post-response GPS network. Real-time high fidelity data from this GPS network will provide important contributions to mitigating future earthquake and related tsunami and landslide hazards. Close cooperation between U.S. and Chilean geoscientists supports international scientific cooperation in the public interest. The data collected will also allow for corrections to the Chilean cadastral reference frame, which was substantially distorted by the meter-scale motions associated with this event. Real property issues will be addressed. Finally, NSF support will be leveraged by industry support as GPS manufacturer Trimble will donate at least 6 more CGPS stations to this effort as a result of the NSF-funded effort.***