Workshop Support: An EarthScope Institute on the Spectrum of Fault Slip Behaviors

研讨会支持：EarthScope 断层滑动行为谱研究所

• 批准号: 1041872
• 负责人: Anne Tréhu
• 金额: $ 4.99万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Support; EarthScope; Institute; Spectrum

Recent studies using data from the EarthScope Facility as well as other national and international sources show that tectonic faults exhibit a broad spectrum of slip behaviors ranging from creep to earthquakes, including several phenomena that were unknown as recently as 10 years ago. Transient fault slip (TFS) includes slow and silent earthquakes, episodic tremor and slip, creep events, low frequency earthquakes, tsunamigenic earthquakes, and postseismic fault afterslip. There appears to be a continuous spectrum of slip modes ranging from aseismic creep to earthquakes. These observations challenge the standard view of brittle faulting that has existed for the past 40 years, in which frictional slip occurs in one of only two modes: stick-slip or stable creep. Although modern friction constitutive laws predict that fault slip will exhibit a range of transient behaviors, the underlying processes are poorly understood and key constitutive parameters are poorly constrained. Moreover, existing frictional models require special conditions to produce self-sustained modes of slow slip, and phenomena such as tremor are not well described, which may indicate that additional processes are needed in the models. A workshop on TSF and related phenomena for ~100 researchers, including post-docs, students and faculty, is being held on October 11-14, 2010, in Portland OR. The primary goals of the workshop are to: 1) provide intellectual leadership and foster critical thinking about the underlying mechanisms and physical processes responsible for TFS, 2) promote broad, community-based interest in understanding TFS, 3) seed collaborations between observational, theoretical and laboratory-based research programs, 4) discuss novel approaches for identifying new fault slip phenomena and new tectonic settings that may host transient strain release, and 5) initiate a continuing web-based virtual "institute" dedicated to TFS.The workshop and virtual institute foster education and communication across disciplines ranging from geodesy and seismology to rock mechanics, petrology, hydrogeology, tectonics, and geodynamics and provide an opportunity for young researchers to broaden their understanding and become involved in research on a high-profile problem. Focused study of TFS should elucidate the potential role of slow and transient slip on earthquake triggering and seismic hazard assessment.

最近利用EarthScope设施以及其他国家和国际来源的数据进行的研究表明，构造断层表现出从蠕变到地震的广泛的滑动行为，包括10年前还不为人知的几种现象。瞬时断层滑动（TFS）包括慢地震和静地震、幕式地震和滑动、蠕动事件、低频地震、海啸地震和震后断层后滑。 似乎有一个连续的滑动模式谱，从抗震蠕变到地震。 这些观察结果挑战了过去40年来存在的脆性断层的标准观点，其中摩擦滑动仅以两种模式之一发生：粘滑或稳定蠕变。虽然现代摩擦本构关系预测断层滑动将表现出一系列的瞬态行为，基本的过程是知之甚少，关键的本构参数约束不足。此外，现有的摩擦模型需要特殊的条件，以产生自我维持模式的缓慢滑动，和现象，如震颤没有得到很好的描述，这可能表明，额外的过程中需要的模型。 2010年10月11日至14日，在俄勒冈州波特兰举行了一个关于TSF和相关现象的研讨会，约有100名研究人员，包括博士后，学生和教师。讲习班的主要目标是：1）提供智力领导，并促进对TFS的基本机制和物理过程的批判性思维，2）促进广泛的，以社区为基础的兴趣，了解TFS，3）观察，理论和实验室为基础的研究计划之间的种子合作，4）讨论识别新的断层滑动现象和可能承载瞬时应变释放的新的构造环境的新方法，5）建立一个持续的基于网络的虚拟“研究所”，致力于TFS。研讨会和虚拟研究所促进了从大地测量学和地震学到岩石力学、岩石学、水文地质学、构造学等学科的教育和交流，和地球动力学，并为年轻研究人员提供机会，扩大他们的理解，并参与对一个引人注目的问题的研究。对TFS的重点研究应阐明缓慢和瞬时滑动对地震触发和地震危险性评估的潜在作用。