ELF/VLF Studies of Whistler-mode Waves, Lightning Discharges, and Gamma-ray Events from Palmer, Antarctica

该奖项旨在通过调查部署在南极洲帕尔默站的ELF/VLF无线电接收机收集的实验数据，解决与地面伽玛射线闪光相关的磁层产生的哨声模式波、雷暴活动和全球闪电放电等领域的突出科学问题。在地磁暴期间和之后，波粒相互作用导致形成地球辐射带的高能电子种群的巨大变化。帕尔默站定期观测到由这些波粒相互作用产生的磁层辐射，可用于确定这些波的磁层源区域及其对辐射带动力学的影响。帕尔默数据还将用于探索等离子体发射的嘶嘶声的来源这个悬而未决的问题，这可能是地面闪电或磁层合唱。此外，一些科学和工业企业依靠帕尔默对雷击的实时检测和地理定位。帕尔默的持续波浪观测将允许扩展和改进当前的地理定位算法。地面伽玛射线闪光（TGF）与闪电放电密切相关，但其产生的确切机制尚不清楚。帕尔默记录的高频信号的高信噪比可用于确定tgf相关闪电的特性，包括哪些特定类型的闪电可能导致tgf，以及它们的地理来源。就更广泛的影响而言，该研究项目将促进发现和理解，同时通过研究生和本科生的参与促进教学、培训和学习。该计划将通过与国家和国际机构的合作和伙伴关系，加强研究和教育的基础设施。

This award is to address outstanding scientific questions in the areas of magnetospherically generated whistler-mode waves, thunderstorm activities and global lightning discharges associated with terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, and their ionospheric effects by investigating experimental data collected by the ELF/VLF radio receiver deployed at Palmer Station, Antarctica. During and in the aftermath of geomagnetic storms wave-particle interactions result in large variations of the energetic electron population that form the Earth's radiation belts. Magnetospherically generated emissions from those wave-particle interactions are regularly observed at Palmer Station and can be used to determine magnetospheric source regions of these waves and their influence on the radiation belts dynamics. Palmer data will also be used to explore the outstanding question of the source of plasmaspheric hiss emissions, which may be terrestrial lightning or magnetospheric chorus. In addition, several scientific and industrial enterprises rely on the real-time detection and geolocation of lightning strikes from Palmer. Continued wave observation at Palmer will allow for the expansion and refinement of the current geolocation algorithm. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGF) have been strongly associated with lightning discharges, but the exact mechanism involved in their generation remains unknown. The high signal-to-noise ratio of sferics recorded at Palmer can be used to determine the properties of TGF-associated lightning, including which particular types of lightning may cause TGFs, and their geographical source. In terms of broader impacts, the research program will advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training, and learning through the participation of graduate and undergraduate students in the project. The program will enhance infrastructure for research and education through collaborations and partnerships with national and international institutions.