Type 1 - L02170320: Assessing and Improving the Scale Dependence of Ecosystem Processes in Earth System Models

提供资金用于评估和改进地球系统模式对碳循环、生态系统气候反馈以及生态系统影响、缓解和适应指标的模拟。模拟将集中在美国北部和东部森林的年代际时间尺度上。研究将模拟年代际尺度的强迫，包括气候变率、气候变化和大气二氧化碳趋势，并纳入人类对土地利用和氮沉积的干扰。模拟响应将包括(i)碳循环；（ii）对森林结构和群落组成的影响；(3)生态系统对气候变率和变化的反馈。这项研究将验证这样一种假设，即土地利用和氮沉降对森林生态系统的扰动以及由此产生的大气反馈比气候变率、气候变化和大气二氧化碳在十年时间尺度上的趋势更大。群落土地模型（CLM）是群落气候系统模型/群落地球系统模型的土地组成部分，包括必要的统计气象降尺度、碳氮生物地球化学、土地利用和动态植被，将用于进行多尺度模拟。模型模拟和与观测数据集的比较将用于测试土地利用历史和由此产生的扰动后植被动态、生物地球化学循环、氮沉积及其在局域尺度模拟中的相互作用。这一能力和社区建设建议建立了一个框架，使大学生态、环境科学和生物地球科学社区参与社区土地模式。奖学金将用于扩大核心生态学科以外的6名本科生、2名研究生和1名博士后研究助理的教育和研究机会，包括大规模地球物理系统模型。CLM是大学研究人员的社区模式。从这一奖项中获得的进展将使考虑到陆地生态系统、它们对环境变化的反应及其对气候的反馈的区域和年代际模拟成为可能。该研究将群落土地模型的生物地球化学重点从碳和氮生物地球化学扩展到包括与影响、缓解和适应研究相关的林分特征，如年龄结构、大小结构、冠层高度和群落组成。这些模式的发展将有助于在不断变化的环境中制定明智的气候变化适应和减缓政策以及森林生态系统管理

Funds are provided to assess and improve Earth system model simulations of the carbon cycle, ecosystem climate feedbacks, and ecosystem impact, mitigation, and adaptation metrics. The simulations will focus on decadal timescales for forests of northern and eastern U.S. The research will simulate the decadal scale forcings including climate variability, climate change, and atmospheric CO2 trends and incorporate human perturbations from land use and nitrogen deposition. The simulation responses will include (i) the carbon cycle; (ii) the impacts on forest structure and community composition; and (iii) ecosystem feedbacks on climate variability and change. The research will test the hypothesis that land use and nitrogen deposition provide a larger perturbation to forest ecosystems, and resulting atmospheric feedback, than do climate variability, climate change, and atmospheric CO2 trends over decadal timescales. The Community Land Model (CLM), the land component of the Community Climate System Model/Community Earth System Model, includes the necessary statistical meteorological downscaling, carbon-nitrogen biogeochemistry, land use, and dynamic vegetation will be used to perform multi-scale simulations. Model simulations and comparisons with observational datasets will be used to test the role of land use history and resulting post-disturbance vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, nitrogen deposition, and their interactions for local- to regional-scale simulations. This capacity and community building proposal establishes a framework to engage the university ecological, environmental sciences, and biogeoscience communities in the Community Land Model. Fellowships will be used to expand the education and research opportunities of six undergraduates, two graduate students, and one post-doctoral research associate beyond core ecological disciplines to include large-scale geophysical Earth system models. The CLM is a community model for university researchers. Developments gained from this award will allow regional and decadal simulations that take into account terrestrial ecosystems, their responses to environmental change, and their feedbacks on climate. The research extends the biogeochemical focus of Community Land Model from carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry to include also stand characteristics such as age-structure, size-structure, canopy height, and community composition that are relevant for impact, mitigation, and adaptation studies. These model developments will allow for well-informed climate change adaptation and mitigation policy and stewardship of forest ecosystems in a changing environment