Collaborative Research: Communication, Perturbation, and Early Development

合作研究：沟通、扰动和早期发展

• 批准号: 1052736
• 负责人: Daniel Messinger
• 金额: $ 20.2万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1052736&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Communication; Perturbation; Early

Young infants typically form lasting, emotional attachments to their caregivers. The strength and type of these attachments are related to emotional well-being and cognitive development. This project will explore how face-to-face interactions between infants and adults contribute to this important aspect of child development.During early interactions, infants and parents form expectations about one another. Will a smile be answered with a bigger smile, for example, or with no smile at all? If the parent is asked to stop interacting and just look at her infant, will the infant smile or vocalize in an attempt to repair the interaction? Do these early patterns of interaction predict the infant's later security of attachment--their ability to be comforted after a brief separation from the parent? To answer these questions, seventy-five infants and their mothers will participate in a standard "Face-To-Face/Still-Face"procedure at four months. Their security of attachment will then be assessed at12 months.It is difficult to measure early interactive behavior-and human behavior more generally-objectively and efficiently. To address this challenge, the project's interdisciplinary team of psychological and computer scientists will implement automated, quantitative measurements of behavior in the Face-To-Face/Still-Face procedure. Automated facial image analysis and pattern recognition approaches will be used to produce objective, continuous measurements of infant and mother facial expression, head motion, gaze direction, and vocalizations. Precise measurement of this multimodal suite of infant and mother behaviors will be used to tackle a fundamental scientific problem: Modeling the structure of early interaction and its relation to later development.This is a promising approach to understanding threats to typical development and learning associated with risk factors such as maternal depression and disorders such as autism. To maximize the project's impact, the team will make a database of audiovisual recordings, automated measurements, and pattern recognition and modeling software available to other scientists.

年幼的婴儿通常会对他们的照顾者形成持久的情感依恋。这些依恋的强度和类型与情感健康和认知发展有关。这个项目将探讨婴儿和成人之间面对面的互动如何促进儿童发展的这一重要方面。在早期互动中，婴儿和父母形成对彼此的期望。例如，一个微笑会得到一个更大的微笑，还是根本没有微笑？如果父母被要求停止互动，只是看着她的婴儿，婴儿会微笑或发声，试图修复互动？ 这些早期的互动模式是否预示着婴儿后来的依恋安全感--他们在与父母短暂分离后得到安慰的能力？为了回答这些问题，75名婴儿和他们的母亲将在四个月大时参加标准的“面对面/静止脸”程序。在12个月时，他们的依恋安全性将被评估。很难客观有效地测量早期的互动行为和更普遍的人类行为。为了应对这一挑战，该项目的心理和计算机科学家跨学科团队将在面对面/静止面对面程序中实施自动化的行为定量测量。自动面部图像分析和模式识别方法将用于产生婴儿和母亲面部表情，头部运动，凝视方向和发声的客观，连续的测量。对婴儿和母亲行为的这种多模态组合的精确测量将用于解决一个基本的科学问题：建模早期互动的结构及其与后期发展的关系。这是一种很有前途的方法，可以理解与母亲抑郁症和自闭症等疾病相关的风险因素对典型发育和学习的威胁。为了最大限度地发挥该项目的影响力，该团队将为其他科学家提供一个视听记录、自动测量、模式识别和建模软件的数据库。