Collaborative Research: Thunderstorm Influences on Lightning and Atmospheric Chemistry in Oklahoma and North Texas during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) Project

合作研究：深对流云和化学 (DC3) 项目期间雷暴对俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州北部闪电和大气化学的影响

• 批准号: 1063966
• 负责人: Eric Bruning
• 金额: $ 27.23万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Thunderstorm; Influences; Lightning

The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign to be conducted May-June 2012 is a multi-regional, multi-platform effort to determine the impact of deep midlatitude continental convective clouds and their intrinsic dynamical, microphysical, and electrification processes upon upper tropospheric composition and chemistry. This award will support collection and analysis of surface mesonet data in tandem with lightning mapping array (LMA) and in-situ balloon-borne measurements characterizing the electrical and microphysical behavior of thunderstorm systems within the Oklahoma-Texas subregion of DC3. This work will be done in coordination with airborne atmospheric chemistry measurements from by a specially instrumented NSF/NCAR GV high-altitude jet and NASA DC-8 platform. LMA data will be obtained from both an existing Oklahoma array and a planned west-Texas network. Mobile ballooning teams will work in close coordination with other NSF-supported investigators to obtain convective updraft profiles of electric fields, thermodynamics, airflow and videosonde measurements of hydrometeor size, shape, phase and number density and to interpret these measurements within the context of both fixed-based and mobile polarimetric radar observations.The intellectual merit of this research derives from improved understanding of processes influencing lightning rates and structure (viz. channel lengths, structure and three-dimensional distribution) and storm-scale electric field polarity as a function of storm lifecycle and in relation to storm kinematic/microphysical properties, which will in-turn allow improved estimation lightning-induced NOx production and associated chemical transformations pivotal to DC3 program objectives. These measurements will also support improved numerical storm simulations through more accurate specification of storm environment and distribution of various hydrometeors throughout electrically active clouds. Broader impacts will accrue through both graduate and undergraduate student education within a field-project setting, via public outreach, by aiding operational forecasters in the interpretation of total lightning mapping data as anticipated from the GOES-R satellite, and ultimately through improved knowledge of the influence of deep atmospheric convection on the chemical composition of earth's atmosphere in the presence of natural and anthropogenic emissions.

将于2012年5月至6月开展的深对流云和化学(DC3)野外活动是一项多区域、多平台的工作，旨在确定中纬度大陆深对流云及其内在的动力、微物理和带电过程对对流层高层组成和化学的影响。该奖项将与闪电测绘阵列(LMA)和现场气球载测量相结合，支持收集和分析地表中层数据，以表征俄克拉荷马-得克萨斯州DC3次区域内雷暴系统的电气和微物理行为。这项工作将与NSF/NCAR GV高空喷气式飞机和NASA DC-8平台的空中大气化学测量相协调进行。LMA数据将从现有的俄克拉荷马州阵列和计划中的德克萨斯州西部网络获得。流动气球探测队将与美国国家科学基金会支持的其他研究人员密切合作，以获得水流星大小、形状、相位和数密度的对流上升气流电场、热力学、气流和视频探空仪测量结果，并在固定和移动极化雷达观测的背景下解释这些测量结果。这项研究的智力价值来自于对影响闪电率和结构的过程的更好理解。(通道长度、结构和三维分布)和风暴尺度电场极性作为风暴生命周期的函数，并与风暴运动学/微物理特性有关，这反过来将改进对DC3计划目标至关重要的闪电诱导的NOx产生和相关化学转化的估计。这些测量还将通过更准确地描述风暴环境和各种水流星在整个电活动云中的分布，为改进的风暴数值模拟提供支持。更广泛的影响将通过实地项目背景下的研究生和本科生教育、通过公众宣传、协助业务预报员解释GOES-R卫星预期的总闪电测绘数据，以及最终通过在存在自然和人为排放的情况下更好地了解深层大气对流对地球大气化学成分的影响而产生。