Collaborative Research: Thunderstorm Influences on Lightning and Atmospheric Chemistry in Oklahoma and North Texas during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) Project

合作研究：深对流云和化学 (DC3) 项目期间雷暴对俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州北部闪电和大气化学的影响

• 批准号: 1063966
• 负责人: Eric Bruning
• 金额: $ 27.23万
• 依托单位: Texas Tech University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Thunderstorm; Influences; Lightning

The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign to be conducted May-June 2012 is a multi-regional, multi-platform effort to determine the impact of deep midlatitude continental convective clouds and their intrinsic dynamical, microphysical, and electrification processes upon upper tropospheric composition and chemistry. This award will support collection and analysis of surface mesonet data in tandem with lightning mapping array (LMA) and in-situ balloon-borne measurements characterizing the electrical and microphysical behavior of thunderstorm systems within the Oklahoma-Texas subregion of DC3. This work will be done in coordination with airborne atmospheric chemistry measurements from by a specially instrumented NSF/NCAR GV high-altitude jet and NASA DC-8 platform. LMA data will be obtained from both an existing Oklahoma array and a planned west-Texas network. Mobile ballooning teams will work in close coordination with other NSF-supported investigators to obtain convective updraft profiles of electric fields, thermodynamics, airflow and videosonde measurements of hydrometeor size, shape, phase and number density and to interpret these measurements within the context of both fixed-based and mobile polarimetric radar observations.The intellectual merit of this research derives from improved understanding of processes influencing lightning rates and structure (viz. channel lengths, structure and three-dimensional distribution) and storm-scale electric field polarity as a function of storm lifecycle and in relation to storm kinematic/microphysical properties, which will in-turn allow improved estimation lightning-induced NOx production and associated chemical transformations pivotal to DC3 program objectives. These measurements will also support improved numerical storm simulations through more accurate specification of storm environment and distribution of various hydrometeors throughout electrically active clouds. Broader impacts will accrue through both graduate and undergraduate student education within a field-project setting, via public outreach, by aiding operational forecasters in the interpretation of total lightning mapping data as anticipated from the GOES-R satellite, and ultimately through improved knowledge of the influence of deep atmospheric convection on the chemical composition of earth's atmosphere in the presence of natural and anthropogenic emissions.

将于 2012 年 5 月至 6 月进行的深对流云和化学 (DC3) 实地活动是一项多区域、多平台的工作，旨在确定深中纬度大陆对流云及其内在动力、微物理和电气化过程对对流层上层成分和化学的影响。 该奖项将支持收集和分析地表中观网数据，并结合闪电测绘阵列 (LMA) 和现场气球测量来表征 DC3 俄克拉荷马州 - 德克萨斯州分区内雷暴系统的电气和微物理行为。 这项工作将与由专门配备仪器的 NSF/NCAR GV 高空喷气机和 NASA DC-8 平台进行的机载大气化学测量协调完成。 LMA 数据将从现有的俄克拉荷马州阵列和规划的德克萨斯州西部网络获得。 移动热气球小组将与其他国家科学基金会支持的研究人员密切合作，获得电场的对流上升气流剖面、热力学、气流和水凝物尺寸、形状、相位和数量密度的视频探空仪测量结果，并在固定和移动极化雷达观测的背景下解释这些测量结果。这项研究的智力价值源于对影响闪电率和 结构（即通道长度、结构和三维分布）和风暴规模电场极性作为风暴生命周期的函数以及与风暴运动学/微物理特性的关系，这反过来将允许改进对闪电引起的氮氧化物产生和相关化学转化的估计，这对 DC3 计划目标至关重要。 这些测量还将通过更准确地规范风暴环境和电活性云中各种水凝物的分布来支持改进的数值风暴模拟。 更广泛的影响将通过实地项目环境中的研究生和本科生教育、通过公共宣传、帮助业务预报员解释 GOES-R 卫星预期的总闪电测绘数据、最终通过提高对存在自然和人为排放的情况下深层大气对流对地球大气化学成分的影响的了解而产生。