Knowledge, Networks, and the Productivity of Scientists and Engineers: Individual Research Histories and Social Capital

知识、网络以及科学家和工程师的生产力：个人研究历史和社会资本

• 批准号: 1064227
• 负责人: James Adams
• 金额: $ 81.28万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1064227&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Knowledge; Networks; Productivity; Scientists; Engineers

Understanding scientific activity increasingly requires advancing understanding of the interactions of research teams, the dynamics of skill formation, research productivity, and the transmission of knowledge. This project creates and analyzes data on research histories of individual scientists. The particular focus is on the effect of research histories on productivity, and on the role of economic and social networks in six fields which account for the majority of scientific research: biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, medicine, and physics. Intellectual Merit: The proposal advances understanding in three areas. The first is the comparative role of individual research histories and social capital on knowledge creation by individual researchers, particularly focusing on mobility. The second is the factors contributing to the commercialization of academic computer science. The third concerns the role of social networks in the productivity of scientific institutions. In exploring changes in social networks, the work builds on new research and exploits the complementarity between networks and cyber infrastructure. Broader impacts: The research contributes to the science of science policy data infrastructure by making data available to researchers at the National Bureau of Economic Research and at RPI. There is also a substantial component which addresses the training of student assistants and advanced students writing on social networks. Finally, the results of the research strengthen understanding of the changing practice of science and its interactions with public policy, especially policy towards information technology.

理解科学活动越来越需要进一步理解研究团队的互动，技能形成的动态，研究生产力和知识的传播。 该项目创建和分析关于单个科学家研究历史的数据。特别关注的是研究历史对生产力的影响，以及经济和社交网络在六个领域中的作用，这些领域占科学研究的大多数：生物学，化学，计算机科学，工程学，医学和物理学。智力优势：该提案在三个领域促进了理解。 第一个是个人研究历史和社会资本对个人研究人员知识创造的比较作用，特别是关注流动性。 第二是促成学术计算机科学商业化的因素。 第三个问题涉及社交网络在科研机构生产力中的作用。 在探索社交网络的变化时，这项工作建立在新的研究基础上，并利用了网络和网络基础设施之间的互补性。 更广泛的影响：该研究通过向国家经济研究局和RPI的研究人员提供数据，为科学政策数据基础设施的科学做出了贡献。 还有一个实质性的组成部分，涉及学生助理和高级学生在社交网络上写作的培训。 最后，研究结果加强了对不断变化的科学实践及其与公共政策（特别是信息技术政策）相互作用的理解。