Cross-border interactions and transnational identities.

根据交易一体化理论，人们可以假定，欧洲社会一体化是由欧洲人的跨国实践和经验促进的。按照这一模式，研究小组“横向欧洲化”分项目4调查了欧盟公民的跨国界做法和态度，以发现欧洲在多大程度上确立了自己相对于国家和全球的社区化和社会化的地位。在整个第一项目阶段，使用调查数据(主要来自欧洲晴雨表系列)分析了来自欧盟27国的欧洲人跨国做法和态度的普遍性、社会分层和社会决定因素。在第一项目阶段对个人的国际化采取了比较的观点，但在第二项目阶段转向了关系网络分析方法。第二阶段的主要目标是审查和解释欧洲的社区化(通过相互认识和态度)和社会化(通过跨界人员交流和交流)。利用社会网络分析方法，可以在二元数据的基础上对跨国和欧洲化进行更具差异化的调查，从而研究欧洲人跨境交易网络的性质。跨国和欧洲的做法和态度随时间的发展、欧洲社会空间的内部结构(例如中心-边缘关系)以及金融危机对欧洲跨国社会化和社区化的影响构成了该项目的主要重点。

ln accordance with transactional integration theory one can presume that European social integration is fostered by the transnational practices and experiences of Europeans. Following this paradigm, sub-project 4 of the Research Group "Horizontal Europeanization" investigates the cross-border practices and attitudes of EU-citizens to discover in how far Europe has established itself as a locus of communalization (Vergemeinschaftung) and societization (Vergesellschaftung) relative to the nation and the globe. Throughout the first project phase, the prevalence, the social stratification, and the social determinants of transnational practices and attitudes of Europeans from the EU-27 countries were analyzed using survey data (mostly from the Eurobarometer series).While having employed a comparative perspective towards individual transnationalization during the first project phase, there is a shift towards a relational, network-analytic approach in the second project phase. The key objective of the second phase is to examine and explain European communalization (via mutual awareness and attitudes) and societization (via cross-border exchanges of people and communication). Using social network analysis methodology, which allows for a much more differentiated investigation of transnationalization and Europeanization on the basis of dyadic data, the nature of cross-border transaction networks of Europeans will be studied. The development of transnational and European practices and attitudes over time, the inner structure of the European social space (e.g. center-periphery relations), and the influence of the financial crisis on transnational societization and communalization in Europe constitute the main foci of the project.