Integration of Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences Into Performance-Based Engineering Using Publicly Available NEEShub Data

该项目的目标是在基于性能的地震工程概念的基础上，系统地将余震造成的地震危险纳入现代地震工程设计规范，从而减少生命损失和破坏的可能性。大地震之后往往会发生多次余震。这些余震可能发生得非常快，也可能比主震发生得晚得多。余震有可能对建筑物造成严重破坏，并威胁生命安全，即使主震只造成轻微破坏。余震可能具有不同的能量含量，可能发生在断层上的不同位置，即更接近人口中心。为了实现这一目标，将利用一系列现实建筑模型进行一系列分析/数值研究。这些模型将使用地震工程模拟中心网络(NEEShub)网站储存库中提供的数据进行校准。这些模型将被用来开发系统脆弱性，为具有不同损伤级别的结构提供不同损伤状态的概率。易损性将与余震危险模型相结合，以量化它们对建筑性能的影响。作为最终结果，该项目将为未来的研究人员和从业人员提供一种方法，以便将系统的脆弱性和余震的影响纳入目前最先进的基于性能的设计方法。为了在更广泛的范围内考虑余震的影响，本项目制定的方法将纳入新一代抗震设计方法，应用技术委员会的ATC-58项目正在为新建筑的性能设计和现有建筑的评估制定新的抗震设计方法。这个项目将产生有用的数据，可供从业人员和代码开发机构使用，以在建筑设计中纳入余震的影响，以提高生命安全和性能。这些数据将通过NEEShub储存库提供给其他研究人员。该项目还将为地震工程和基于性能的地震工程的研究生提供高级培训。

The objective of this project is to systematically integrate the seismic hazard resulting from aftershocks in modern earthquake engineering design codes based on the emerging concept of performance-based earthquake engineering, thereby reducing the potential for loss of life and damage. Major earthquakes are often followed by multiple aftershocks. These aftershocks can occur very soon or significantly later than the occurrence of the main shock. Aftershocks have the potential to cause severe damage to buildings and threaten life safety even when only minor damage occurs in the main shock. Aftershocks may have different energy content and can occur at a different location on the fault, that is, closer to a population center. To achieve the objective a series of analytical/numerical studies utilizing a portfolio of realistic building models will be conducted. The models will be calibrated using the data available in the repository of the Network of Earthquake Engineering Simulation hub (NEEShub) site. These models will be used to develop system fragilities, which provide the probability of different damage states, for structures with varying levels of damage. The fragilities will be combined with aftershock hazard models to quantify their effect on the building performance. As a final outcome, the project will provide a methodology to future researchers and practitioners to integrate the system fragilities and the effect of aftershocks in current state-of-the-art performance-based design approaches. In order to include the effect of aftershocks on a broader scale, the approach developed in this project will be integrated into next generation seismic design methodologies, which are being formulated in the ATC-58 Project of the Applied Technology Council for performance-based design of new buildings and evaluation of existing buildings. This project will generate useful data that can be used by practitioners and code development bodies to incorporate the effect of aftershock in building design for enhanced life safety and performance. This data will be made available to other researchers through the NEEShub repository. The project will also provide advanced training to graduate students in earthquake engineering and performance-based earthquake engineering.