Integration of Mainshock-Aftershock Sequences Into Performance-Based Engineering Using Publicly Available NEEShub Data

该项目的目标是基于新兴的基于性能的地震工程概念，系统地整合现代地震工程设计规范中余震造成的地震危害，从而减少潜在的生命损失和损害。大地震之后往往伴有多次余震。这些余震可能在主震发生后不久或明显晚于主震发生。即使主震只造成轻微破坏，余震也有可能对建筑物造成严重破坏，威胁生命安全。余震可能具有不同的能量含量，并且可能发生在断层的不同位置，即靠近人口中心的位置。为了实现这一目标，将进行一系列分析/数值研究，利用一系列现实的建筑模型。这些模型将使用地震工程模拟网络中心（NEEShub）站点存储库中的可用数据进行校准。这些模型将用于开发系统脆弱性，为具有不同损伤水平的结构提供不同损伤状态的概率。脆弱性将与余震危害模型相结合，以量化其对建筑性能的影响。作为最终成果，该项目将为未来的研究人员和实践者提供一种方法，将系统脆弱性和余震影响整合到当前最先进的基于性能的设计方法中。为了在更大范围内包括余震的影响，本项目开发的方法将被整合到下一代地震设计方法中，这些方法正在应用技术委员会的ATC-58项目中制定，用于新建筑的基于性能的设计和现有建筑的评估。这个项目将产生有用的数据，供从业员和规范制定机构使用，以便在建筑设计中纳入余震的影响，以提高生命安全和性能。这些数据将通过NEEShub存储库提供给其他研究人员。该项目还将为地震工程和基于性能的地震工程的研究生提供高级培训。

The objective of this project is to systematically integrate the seismic hazard resulting from aftershocks in modern earthquake engineering design codes based on the emerging concept of performance-based earthquake engineering, thereby reducing the potential for loss of life and damage. Major earthquakes are often followed by multiple aftershocks. These aftershocks can occur very soon or significantly later than the occurrence of the main shock. Aftershocks have the potential to cause severe damage to buildings and threaten life safety even when only minor damage occurs in the main shock. Aftershocks may have different energy content and can occur at a different location on the fault, that is, closer to a population center. To achieve the objective a series of analytical/numerical studies utilizing a portfolio of realistic building models will be conducted. The models will be calibrated using the data available in the repository of the Network of Earthquake Engineering Simulation hub (NEEShub) site. These models will be used to develop system fragilities, which provide the probability of different damage states, for structures with varying levels of damage. The fragilities will be combined with aftershock hazard models to quantify their effect on the building performance. As a final outcome, the project will provide a methodology to future researchers and practitioners to integrate the system fragilities and the effect of aftershocks in current state-of-the-art performance-based design approaches. In order to include the effect of aftershocks on a broader scale, the approach developed in this project will be integrated into next generation seismic design methodologies, which are being formulated in the ATC-58 Project of the Applied Technology Council for performance-based design of new buildings and evaluation of existing buildings. This project will generate useful data that can be used by practitioners and code development bodies to incorporate the effect of aftershock in building design for enhanced life safety and performance. This data will be made available to other researchers through the NEEShub repository. The project will also provide advanced training to graduate students in earthquake engineering and performance-based earthquake engineering.