Collaborative Research: Impact of sea-ice on bottom-up and top-down controls on crustacean zooplankton and the mediation of carbon and energy flow in the eastern Bering Sea

合作研究：海冰对甲壳类浮游动物自下而上和自上而下控制的影响以及东白令海碳和能量流的调节

• 批准号: 1107303
• 负责人: Diane Stoecker
• 金额: $ 11.13万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1107303&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; sea; ice

Funds are provided to examine the impact of sea ice on the distribution and abundance of zooplankton, and how they are partitioned among top predators. To this end, new and historical data will be used to test a series of hypotheses and answer questions relating to bottom-up and top-down control of large crustacean zooplankton and their impact on the flow of carbon and energy in the ecosystem. From the examination of these hypotheses, new mechanisms will be derived and old ones re-evaluated. Existing numerical models will be used to assess the relative importance of these mechanisms. Existing conceptual models will be tested, and new conceptual models of carbon and energy flow will be developed. Such a study of the eastern Bering Sea shelf ecosystem is timely. Some of the most direct effects of changing climate will be on sea-ice - its extent, duration, timing of retreat, and inter-annual variability. Sea ice in turn controls ocean temperature/salinity, timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom and thus the extent of export/remineralization of fixed carbon. Crustacean zooplankton can be a choke-point in the flow of carbon and energy through the food chain.The Bering Sea ecosystem provides roughly half the commercial seafood landings in the United States, as well as significant resources for subsistence fishermen. Major fluctuations in these stocks have occurred in the past and been associated with climate variations. Improved management of these important fisheries should be enabled by the understanding derived from this project.

资金被用于研究海冰对浮游动物的分布和丰度的影响，以及它们是如何在顶级捕食者之间分配的。为此，新的和历史的数据将被用来测试一系列的假设和回答有关自下而上和自上而下控制大型甲壳类浮游动物及其对生态系统中碳和能量流动的影响的问题。通过对这些假设的检验，新的机制将被推导出来，旧的机制将被重新评估。现有的数值模式将用于评估这些机制的相对重要性。将对现有概念模型进行检验，并开发新的碳和能量流动概念模型。对白令海东部陆架生态系统进行这样的研究是及时的。气候变化的一些最直接的影响将是对海冰的影响——它的范围、持续时间、退缩的时间和年际变化。海冰反过来控制海洋温度/盐度、春季浮游植物繁殖的时间，从而控制固定碳的输出/再矿化程度。甲壳类浮游动物是食物链中碳和能量流动的瓶颈。在美国，白令海生态系统提供了大约一半的商业海产品，也为自给自足的渔民提供了重要的资源。过去曾发生过这些储量的重大波动，并与气候变化有关。从这个项目中获得的了解应该能够改善这些重要渔业的管理。