Comprehensive process studies of heterogeneous ice nucleation: from single cloud droplets to cloud simulations.

可靠的天气预报和气候变化预测需要对对流层云层中的冰的形成，特别是涉及固体大气气溶胶颗粒的所谓非均质冰成核有充分的了解。该项目旨在与INUIT研究单位内的其他8个研究项目一起，对与混合相云和卷云相关的非均质冰成核进行全面调查。冰的形成在接触冻结模式将研究单悬浮液滴电动悬浮器（保罗陷阱）。现有的云室AIDA和新的动态控制云室AIDA-2（如果按计划在2016年可用）将用于验证气溶胶对浸没冷冻、接触冷冻和沉积成核模式的影响。主要目标是（1）与所有INUIT合作伙伴密切合作，研究INUlT-2参考气溶胶的浸没冻结、沉积成核和接触冻结特性，（2）与RPS合作，对再分散大气气溶胶样品的IN行为进行AIDA云模拟实验，（3）对多孔气溶胶进行AIDA实验，以阐明预活化，毛细管冷凝冻结和沉积成核机制，（4）用混合和老化的气溶胶进行悬浮液滴接触成核实验，（5）阐明接触成核的基本过程和机制，（6）与RP 3和RP 5密切合作，开发一个全面和一致的参数化框架，用于在模型中形成初级冰，（7）利用悬浮液滴和云模拟室活动的综合专业知识，计划和进行第一次云室接触冷冻实验，以及（8）在AIDA设施进行两次较大的现场仪器和实验室方法相互比较活动，一次为INUIT团队，另一次与国际合作伙伴，以发展和记录冰成核和冰成核颗粒研究的高国际标准。DFG表格54.011 - 04/14第4页，共8页这些AIDA云室活动将在INULT-2的实验室、现场和建模项目之间提供强有力的联系。作为正在进行的INUIT项目的延伸，我们将研究多孔颗粒的冰成核特性，直径达几微米的尺寸选定的气溶胶颗粒的浸没冻结和沉积成核，量化与大气相关的复杂INPs的接触冻结效率，并进行接触冻结的云模拟实验。我们还将开发和安装一个新的数据库系统，用于非均匀冰成核的实验室结果。

Reliable weather predictions and climate change projections require a sound understanding of the ice formation in tropospheric clouds, in particular the so-called heterogeneous ice nucleation which involves solid atmospheric aerosol particles. This project aims at a comprehensive investigation of heterogeneous ice nucleation of relevance for mixed-phase and cirrus clouds in concert with 8 other research projects within the research unit INUIT. Ice formation in the contact freezing mode will be investigated for single levitated droplets in electrodynamic levitators (Paul trap). The existing cloud chamber AIDA and, if availa-ble in 2016 as planned, the new dynamically controlled cloud chamber AIDA-2 will be used for investigat-ing the effect of aerosols on immersion freezing, contact freezing and deposition nucleation modes. Major objectives are (1) to investigate the immersion freezing, deposition nucleation and contact freezing properties of the lNUlT-2 reference aerosols in close cooperation with all INUIT partners, (2) to perfonm AIDA cloud simulation experiments on the IN behaviour of re-dispersed atmospheric aerosol samples in cooperation with RPS, (3) to perform AIDA experiments with porous aerosols in order to elucidate pre-activation, capillary condensation freezing and deposition nucleation mechanisms, (4) to perform levitated droplet contact nucleation experiments with mixed and aged aerosols, (5) to elucidate fundamental processes and mechanisms of contact nucleation, (6) to develop, in close collaboration with RP3 and RP5, a comprehensive and consistent parameterisation framework for the fonmulation of primary ice fonmation in models, (7) to plan and conduct first cloud chamber contact freezing experiments taking advantage of the combined expertise with levitated droplet and cloud simulation chamber activities, and (8) to conduct two larger field instrument and laboratory method inter-comparison campaigns at the AIDA facility, one for the INUIT teams and one with international partners, in order to develop and document high international standards of ice nucleation and ice nucleating particle research. DFG form 54.011 - 04/14 page 4 of 8 These AIDA cloud chamber activities will provide strong links between the laboratory, field and modelling projects of INUlT-2. In extension to the ongoing INUIT project, we will investigate ice nucleation properties of porous particles, immersion freezing and deposition nucleation of sizeselected aerosol particles with diameters up to a few microns, quantify contact freezing effipiencies of atmospherically relevant complex INPs, and conduct cloud simulation experiment on contact freezing. We will also suppori the development and installation of a new data base system for laboratory results of heterogeneous ice nucleation.