Collaborative Research: Belowground drivers of aboveground nutrient cycling and productivity in growing forests

年轻、快速生长的森林可以吸收大量的碳，但这种潜力预计最终会受到生物量生长所需营养物质的限制。考虑到它们的年龄和可用的土壤养分，有些森林的生产力比预期的要高。例如，在低地哥斯达黎加，经过22年的生长，试验性种植园仍然高产，并循环了大量的氮。这项研究的主要目的是了解为什么这些热带森林仍然具有生产力。具体来说，这个项目将解决高产森林为地下细根和土壤微生物提供更多碳的假设。增加地下分配预计将主要通过细根生长和微生物过程对土壤资源的更多利用来促进养分循环，这些过程反过来刺激地上森林的生长。将采用大规模和小规模实验相结合的方法来评估碳分配给根系、共生根系微生物和自由生活的土壤微生物如何影响碳和氮循环。这项研究的结果将提供对热带森林生物地球化学地下路径的更好理解，从而提高我们模拟和预测森林在当前和未来全球碳和氮循环中的作用的能力。这一新信息将为规划和制定应对大气中二氧化碳增加的潜在缓解战略提供信息。此外，该项目将促进学生辅导、实地学生教育和国际合作。为了增加代表性不足的群体的参与，将提供以探究为基础的热带田野生物学特别短期课程；本科学生将由美国国家科学基金会路易斯·斯托克斯少数民族参与计划威斯康星和伊利诺斯州的董事确定和招募。其目标是向这些学生介绍生态学，并灌输信心和灵感，鼓励他们申请未来的研究奖学金，并最终进入研究生院。

Young, fast-growing forests can sequester huge amounts of carbon, but this potential is expected to be limited eventually by the nutrients required for biomass growth. Some forests are more productive than expected, given their age and available soil nutrients. In lowland Costa Rica, for example, experimental plantations were still highly productive and cycling large amounts of nitrogen after 22 years of growth. The broad aim of this research is to understand why these tropical forests remain productive. Specifically, this project will address the hypothesis that highly productive forests supply more carbon belowground to fine roots and soil microbes. Increased belowground allocation is expected to promote nutrient cycling largely through greater exploitation of soil resources by fine-root growth and microbial processes, which feed back to stimulate aboveground forest growth. A combination of large-scale and small-scale experimental approaches will be used to evaluate how carbon allocation to roots, symbiotic root microbes, and free-living soil microbes influence carbon and nitrogen cycling.The results of this research will provide an improved understanding of the belowground pathways underlying tropical forest biogeochemistry, thereby advancing our ability to model and predict the role of forests in current and future global carbon and nitrogen cycling. This new information will inform planning and development of potential mitigation strategies in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, the project will facilitate student mentoring, field based student education, and international collaboration. To increase participation by underrepresented groups, an inquiry-based special short course in Tropical Field Biology will be offered; undergraduate students will be identified and recruited by the Directors of NSF Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation Programs for Wisconsin and Illinois. The goal is to introduce these students to ecology and instill confidence and inspiration that will encourage them to apply for future research fellowships, and ultimately to graduate school.