Ritual Formation Processes at Bronze Age Mt. Lykaion

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，玛丽沃亚齐斯博士和大卫吉尔曼罗马诺博士，以及一个多国跨学科小组，将分析早期崇拜和仪式实践的证据，在宙斯火山灰祭坛。希腊阿卡迪亚的Lykaion。 该项目的核心是调查信仰体系如何在传统社会中长期发挥锚作用并提供社会稳定。很明显，看看当今世界的社会和国家，身份在很大程度上是围绕着宗教和其他意识形态形成的，这些意识形态构成了一个社会？的核心价值观，并提供凝聚力和决策的基础。为了长期有效，这些核心价值观必须足够灵活，以适应不断变化的环境，考古学有可能研究这些信仰体系在很长一段时间内是如何运作的。山脉Lykaion网站承担在这方面的意义。考古研究表明，祭祀活动可能持续了一千多年，分层的地层由烧焦的动物骨头和其他遗骸组成。在两个实地考察季节中，在存款中挖了沟，该奖项为研究灰坛及其内容物的形成过程和年代提供资金，综合各种科学技术，如碳-14测年、陶瓷分析、地质考古学、动物骨骼研究（动物考古学）、化学残留物分析和古民族植物学。许多研究目标之一是评估动物考古学，民族植物学和陶瓷证据的连续性和变化的仪式活动和其他类型的人类行为，从新石器时代的最后一个时期。该项目的一个重要方面包括考古学本科生和研究生的实地培训。美国国家科学基金会的资助将支持布里特·斯塔科维奇博士在亚利桑那大学的博士后研究金，他将研究和开发煅烧骨样品预处理的实验室方案。Starkovich博士的工作将使NSF亚利桑那加速器质谱实验室能够对来自Mt. Lykaion和其他项目在未来。一个拟议中的（私人资助的）研究中心在大都市，附近的山。Lykaion将在伯罗奔尼撒半岛建立一个永久性设施，以加强和促进各个领域的学生和学者的国际研究。更广泛的好处包括为服务不足的高中生创建一个新的考古项目。Lykaion，重要的是，在山地区建立了一个550平方公里的Parrhasian遗产公园。利凯恩该公园将建立连接古代保护区和城市的徒步旅行路线，并包括与古物和自然植物群和动物群有关的标志。该项目的时间顺序和其他成果将在位于山顶附近的公园标志上详细说明。

With support from the National Science Foundation, Drs. Mary Voyatzis and David Gilman Romano, together with a multinational interdisciplinary team, will analyze the evidence for early cult and ritual practice at the ash altar of Zeus at Mt. Lykaion in Arcadia, Greece. Central to the project is the investigation of the ways in which systems of belief serve to anchor and provide social stability in traditional societies over extended periods of time. It is clear, looking at societies and nations in the world today that identities are in significant measure forged around ideologies, both religions and other, which incorporate a society?s core values and which provide both cohesiveness and a base for decision making. To be effective over the long run such core values must be flexible enough to adapt to changing circumstances and archaeology has the potential to examine how such belief systems function over extended periods of time. The Mt. Lykaion site assumes significance in this context. Archaeological research at the site indicates that ritual offerings took place over a period likely of more than one thousand years and the stratified layers are composed of burnt animal bone and other remains. Over the course of two field seasons, trenches have been placed through the deposit and this award provides funds to study of the formation processes and chronology of the ash altar and its contents, integrating various scientific techniques such as carbon-14 dating, ceramic analyses, geoarchaeology, the study of animal bones (zooarchaeology), chemical residue analysis and paleoethnobotany. One of the many research objectives is to evaluate the zooarchaeological, ethnobotanical and ceramic evidence for continuity and change in ritual activities and other types of human behaviors from the Final Neolithic through the Archaic periods. An important aspect of the project includes field training of undergraduate and graduate archaeology students. The NSF grant will support a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Arizona for Dr. Britt Starkovitch, who will institute and develop laboratory protocols for the pre-treatment of calcined bone samples. Dr. Starkovich's work will enable the NSF-Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory to radiocarbon date calcined bone samples from Mt. Lykaion and from other projects in the future. A proposed (privately funded) research center in Megalopolis, near Mt. Lykaion, will create a permanent facility in the Peloponnese to enhance and promote international research for students and scholars in a variety of fields. Broader benefits include the creation of a new archaeology program for underserved high school students at Mt. Lykaion, and importantly, the establishment of a 550 square kilometer Parrhasian Heritage Park in the area of Mt. Lykaion. The park will create hiking trails linking the ancient sanctuaries and cities within it, and include signage relating to the antiquities and the natural flora, and fauna. The chronological and other results of the project will be detailed on park signs located near the mountain summit.